Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A10
Abstract
The Euclid Q1 fields were selected for calibration purposes in cosmology and are therefore relatively devoid of nearby galaxies. However, this is precisely what makes them interesting fields in which to search for dwarf galaxies in local density environments. We took advantage of the unprecedented depth, spatial resolution, and field of view of the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) to build a census of dwarf galaxies in these regions. We have identified dwarf galaxies in a representative sample of 25 contiguous tiles in the Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N) covering an area of 14.25 deg 2 . The dwarf galaxy candidates were identified using a semi-automatic detection method based on properties measured by the Euclid pipeline and released as part of the catalogue produced by the MERge Processing Function (MER PF) pipeline. A selection cut in surface brightness and magnitude was used to produce an initial dwarf candidate catalogue, and this was followed by a cut in morphology (removing background spirals) and I E − H E colour (removing red ellipticals). This catalogue was then visually classified to produce a final sample of dwarf candidates, including their morphology, number of nuclei, globular cluster (GC) richness, and presence of a blue compact centre. We identified 2674 dwarf candidates, corresponding to 188 dwarfs per square degree. The visual classification of the dwarfs reveals a slightly uneven morphological mix of 58% ellipticals and 42% irregulars, with very few potentially GC-rich (1.0%) and nucleated (4.0%) candidates but a noticeable fraction (6.9%) of dwarfs with blue compact centres. The distance distribution of 388 (15%) of the dwarf candidates with spectroscopic redshifts peaks at about 400 Mpc. Their stellar mass distribution confirms that our selection effectively identifies dwarfs while minimising contamination. The most prominent dwarf overdensities are dominated by dwarf ellipticals, while dwarf irregulars are more evenly distributed across the field of view. This work highlights Euclid ’s remarkable ability to detect and characterise dwarf galaxies across diverse masses, distances, and environments.
Authors 89
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Affiliation as printed
Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik
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Collurania Teramo Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
Affiliation as printed
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
Affiliation as printed
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
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Affiliation as printed
Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik
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University of Toronto · University of Manchester
Affiliation as printed
David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Collurania Teramo Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
Affiliation as printed
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton
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University of Groningen · European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre
Affiliation as printed
European Space Agency/ESTEC
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
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European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory
Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory
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University of Cambridge · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge
Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny
Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, University of Cambridge
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Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
Affiliation as printed
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Affiliation as printed
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
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Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
Affiliation as printed
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
INFN-Sezione di Torino
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Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre
Affiliation as printed
European Space Agency/ESTEC
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
European Space Agency/ESRIN
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
Affiliation as printed
INFN-Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · National Research Council Canada
Affiliation as printed
NRC Herzberg
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London
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