Mediterranean diet component oleic acid increases protective lipid mediators and improves trabecular bone in a Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation model

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 50, pp. 380–395

Abstract

AIM: Therapeutic modulation of bacterial-induced inflammatory host response is being investigated in gingival inflammation and periodontal disease pathology. Therefore, dietary intake of the monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) oleic acid (OA (C18:1)), which is the main component of Mediterranean-style diets, and saturated FA palmitic acid (PA (C16:0)), which is a component of Western-style diets, was investigated for their modifying potential in an oral inoculation model of Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal-weight C57BL/6-mice received OA- or PA-enriched diets (PA-ED, OA-ED, PA/OA-ED) or normal standard diet for 16 weeks and were inoculated with P. gingivalis/placebo (n = 12/group). Gingival inflammation, alveolar bone structure, circulating lipid mediators, and in vitro cellular response were determined. RESULTS: FA treatment of P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide-incubated gingival fibroblasts (GFbs) modified inflammatory activation, which only PA exacerbated with concomitant TNF-α stimulation. Mice exhibited no signs of acute inflammation in gingiva or serum and no inoculation- or nutrition-associated changes of the crestal alveolar bone. However, following P. gingivalis inoculation, OA-ED improved oral trabecular bone micro-architecture and enhanced circulating pro-resolving mediators resolvin D4 (RvD4) and 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDHA), whereas PA-ED did not. In vitro experiments demonstrated significantly improved differentiation in RvD4- and 4-HDHA-treated primary osteoblast cultures and reduced the expression of osteoclastogenic factors in GF. Further, P. gingivalis infection of OA-ED animals led to a serum composition that suppressed osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the preventive impact of Mediterranean-style OA-EDs by indicating their pro-resolving nature beyond anti-inflammatory properties.

Authors 17

1. Annika Döding

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

2. Mira Hüfner

   Düsseldorf University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Orthodontics University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany

3. Franziska Nachtsheim

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

4. Viktoria Iffarth

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

5. Anna Bölter

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

6. Asisa Bastian Aachen Department of Orthodontics

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Orthodontics University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany

   Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

7. Judit Symmank

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Orthodontics University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

   Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

8. Nico Andreas

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Immunology Jena Germany

   Institute of Immunology, Jena, Germany

9. Patrick Schädel

   Friedrich Schiller University Jena

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany

   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany

10. Maria Thürmer

    Friedrich Schiller University Jena

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany

11. Kathrin Becker

    Düsseldorf University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Orthodontics University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany

12. Michael F. Wolf Aachen Department of Orthodontics

    Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Orthodontics University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany

    Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

13. Thomas Kamradt

    Jena University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Immunology Jena Germany

    Institute of Immunology, Jena, Germany

14. Andreas Koeberle

    Universität Innsbruck · Friedrich Schiller University Jena

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany

    Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

15. Oliver Werz

    Friedrich Schiller University Jena

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany

    Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany

16. Bernd W. Sigusch

    Jena University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

    Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

17. Ulrike Schulze‐Späte corresponding

    Jena University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena Jena Germany

    Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany