Mediterranean diet component oleic acid decreases systemic impact of periodontal Porphyromonas gingivalis-infection in age: addressing role of stress resistance and microbiome

npj Aging, vol. 11, pp. 54

Abstract

Periodontitis (PD) is an age-associated infectious periodontal disease driven by dysbiosis and hyperinflammatory host response, resulting in bone and tissue loss. Often linked to systemic inflammatory comorbidities, modulating host response emerged as promising clinical target. This study investigates whether nutritional intervention mitigates age-associated systemic impact of oral infection with PD key pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Young (5 weeks) and aged (≥73 weeks) mice received palmitic acid-enriched Western-diet (PA-ED) or Mediterranean-diet enriched with oleic acid (OA-ED), both known for immunomodulatory properties. PA-ED exacerbated oral bone loss and systemic effects, particularly in aged mice, correlated with gut microbiota destabilization and impaired stress responses. Further, PA-ED enhanced osteoclast differentiation and primed bone marrow cells towards inflammation. Contrarily, OA-ED mitigated these effects. Osteoblasts showed baseline inflammation and reduced responsiveness in aged mice, thereby promoting a pro-inflammatory micro-environment. Findings suggest OA-ED as protective, especially for the elderly, by limiting local and systemic tissue damage associated with PD.

Authors 13

1. Annika Döding

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

2. Ludwig Wurschi

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

3. Cristina Zubiría-Barrera

   Medizinische Hochschule Hannover · German Center for Lung Research · Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany

   Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research-HZI Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

4. Tilman E. Klassert

   Medizinische Hochschule Hannover · German Center for Lung Research · Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany

   Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research-HZI Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

5. Leonhard Bereuter

   University of Graz · Universität Innsbruck

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Excellence Field BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

   Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

6. Zhigang Rao

   Universität Innsbruck

   Affiliation as printed

   Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

7. Ann-Kathrin Bär

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

8. Anton Domuncu

   Jena University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

9. Andreas Koeberle

   University of Graz · Universität Innsbruck

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Excellence Field BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

   Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

10. Heidi Noels Aachen Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research

    RWTH Aachen University · Universitätsklinikum Aachen

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

11. Hortense Slevogt

    Medizinische Hochschule Hannover · German Center for Lung Research · Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany

    Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research-HZI Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

12. Bernd W. Sigusch

    Jena University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

13. Ulrike Schulze‐Späte corresponding

    Jena University Hospital

    Affiliation as printed

    Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany. ulrike.schulze-spaete@med.uni-jena.de