Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 707, pp. A230

Abstract

This paper describes the objectives, design, and findings of the pre-launch ground characterisation campaigns of the Euclid infrared detectors. The aim of the ground characterisations is to evaluate the performance of the detectors, to calibrate the pixel response, and to derive the pixel response correction methods. The detectors have been tested and characterised in the facilities set up for this purpose. The pixel properties, including baseline, bad pixels, quantum efficiency, inter pixel capacitance, quantum efficiency, dark current, readout noise, conversion gain, response non-linearity, and image persistence were measured and characterised for each pixel. We describe in detail the test flow definition that allows us to derive the pixel properties and we present the data acquisition and data quality check software implemented for this purpose. We also outline the measurement protocols of all the pixel properties presented and we provide a comprehensive overview of the performance of the Euclid infrared detectors as derived after tuning the operating parameters of the detectors. The main conclusion of this work is that the performance of the infrared detectors Euclid meets the requirements. Pixels classified as non-functioning accounted for less than 0.2% of all science pixels. The interpixel capacitance (IPC) coupling is minimal, the cross-talk between adjacent pixels is less than 1% between adjacent pixels, and 95% of the pixels show a quantum efficienty (QE) greater than 80% across the entire spectral range of the Euclid mission. The conversion gain is approximately 0.52 ADU/e − , with a variation of less than 1% between channels of the same detector. The reset noise is approximately equal to 23 ADU rms after reference pixel correction. The readout noise of a single frame is approximately 13 e − rms while the signal estimator noise is measured at 7 e − rms in photometric mode and 9 e − rms in spectroscopic acquisition mode. The deviation from linear response at signal levels up to 80 ke − is less than 5% for 95% of the pixels. Median persistence amplitudes are less than 0.3% of the signal, though persistence exhibits significant spatial variation and differences between detectors.

Authors 88

1. Bogna Kubik

   Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

2. R. Barbier

   Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

3. Jean Claude Clémens

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

4. S. Ferriol

   Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

5. Aurelia Secroun

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

6. G‰rard Smadja

   Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

7. William Gillard

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

8. N. Fourmanoit

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

9. A. Ealet

   Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

10. Simon Conseil

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

11. Julien Zoubian

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

12. R. Kohley

    European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo

13. J. C. Salvignol

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

14. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo

    European Space Agency/ESRIN

15. Thierry Maciaszek

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse

16. H. Cho

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

17. W. Holmes

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

18. M. Seiffert

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

19. Augustyn Waczynski

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

20. Stefanie Wachter

    Carnegie Observatories

    Affiliation as printed

    Carnegie Observatories

21. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

22. C. Bonoli

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

23. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

24. Eduardo Medinaceli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

25. R. Laureijs

    University of Groningen · European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

26. Anne Bonnefoi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

27. M. Carle

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

28. A. Costille

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

29. Franck Ducret

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

30. J.-L Gimenez

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

31. David Le Mignant

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

32. Laurent Martin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

33. Laurence Caillat

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

34. Luca Valenziano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

35. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

36. Paola Maria Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

37. Adriano Derosa

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

38. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

39. F Cogato

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

40. Gianluca Morgante

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

41. Massimo Trifoglio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

42. S. Ligori

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

43. E. Borsato

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova

    INFN-Padova

44. C. Sirignano

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova

    INFN-Padova

45. Luca Stanco

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

46. S. Ventura

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

47. R. Toledo-Moreo

    Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras

48. Laura Patrizii

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

49. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

50. B. Altieri

    European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo

51. Stefano Andreon

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

52. Carlo Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

53. Marco Baldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

54. A. Balestra

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

55. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

56. Francis Bernardeau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut de Physique Théorique

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

57. A. Biviano

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

58. Andrea Bonchi

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc

59. E. Branchini

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

60. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

61. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas

62. S. Camera

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

63. J. Carretero

    Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n

64. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

65. Francisco Javier Castander

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n

66. M Castellano

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

67. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

68. S. Cavuoti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

69. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

70. A. Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

71. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea

72. G. Congedo

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill

73. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

74. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

75. A da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande

76. R. da Silva

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc

77. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

78. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

79. Anna M. Di Giorgio

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

80. Marian Douspis

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

81. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

82. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Manchester · Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

83. X. Dupac

    European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo

84. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

85. Maria Farina

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

86. F Faustini

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc

87. Fabio Finelli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

88. S. Fotopoulou

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol