Machine Learning Techniques for Developing Remotely Monitored Central Nervous System Biomarkers Using Wearable Sensors: A Narrative Literature Review
Sensors, vol. 23, pp. 5243
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders benefit from ongoing monitoring to assess disease progression and treatment efficacy. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer a means for the remote and continuous symptom monitoring of patients. Machine Learning (ML) techniques can process and engineer mHealth data into a precise and multidimensional biomarker of disease activity. OBJECTIVE: This narrative literature review aims to provide an overview of the current landscape of biomarker development using mHealth technologies and ML. Additionally, it proposes recommendations to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and interpretability of these biomarkers. METHODS: This review extracted relevant publications from databases such as PubMed, IEEE, and CTTI. The ML methods employed across the selected publications were then extracted, aggregated, and reviewed. RESULTS: This review synthesized and presented the diverse approaches of 66 publications that address creating mHealth-based biomarkers using ML. The reviewed publications provide a foundation for effective biomarker development and offer recommendations for creating representative, reproducible, and interpretable biomarkers for future clinical trials. CONCLUSION: mHealth-based and ML-derived biomarkers have great potential for the remote monitoring of CNS disorders. However, further research and standardization of study designs are needed to advance this field. With continued innovation, mHealth-based biomarkers hold promise for improving the monitoring of CNS disorders.
Authors 6
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Ahnjili Zhuparris Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR) Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center · Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Snellius Gebouw, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Snellius Gebouw, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Snellius Gebouw, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA, Den Haag, The Netherlands
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Geert Jan Groeneveld Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR) Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
Leiden University · Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Snellius Gebouw, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
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