The KM3NeT multi-PMT optical module

Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 17, pp. P07038

Abstract

Abstract The optical module of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope is an innovative multi-faceted large area photodetection module. It contains 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes in a single 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module is a sensory device also comprising calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition. It is capped with a breakout-box with electronics for connection to an electro-optical cable for power and long-distance communication to the onshore control station. The design of the module was qualified for the first time in the deep sea in 2013. Since then, the technology has been further improved to meet requirements of scalability, cost-effectiveness and high reliability. The module features a sub-nanosecond timing accuracy and a dynamic range allowing the measurement of a single photon up to a cascade of thousands of photons, suited for the measurement of the Cherenkov radiation induced in water by secondary particles from interactions of neutrinos with energies in the range of GeV to PeV. A distributed production model has been implemented for the delivery of more than 6000 modules in the coming few years with an average production rate of more than 100 modules per month. In this paper a review is presented of the design of the multi-PMT KM3NeT optical module with a proven effective background suppression and signal recognition and sensitivity to the incoming direction of photons.

Authors 97

1. S. Aiello

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania

   Affiliation as printed

   INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

2. Andrea Albert

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Haute-Alsace · Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien · Université de Strasbourg

   Affiliation as printed

   Université de Haute Alsace, rue des Frères Lumière, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France

   Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

3. M. Alshamsi

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

   Affiliation as printed

   Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

4. S. Alves Garre

   Universitat de València · Instituto de Física Corpuscular

   Affiliation as printed

   IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC — Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

5. Z. Aly

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

6. Antonio Ambrosone

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II

   Affiliation as printed

   INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

   Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

   Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

7. F. Ameli

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I

   Affiliation as printed

   INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

8. Michel L. Andre

   Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

   Affiliation as printed

   Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain

9. Giorgos Androulakis

   National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" · Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310 Greece

10. Marco Anghinolfi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova

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    INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146 Italy

11. M. Anguita

    Universidad de Granada

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    University of Granada, Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, 18071 Granada, Spain

12. M. Ardid

    Universitat Politècnica de València

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

13. Salva Ardid

    Universitat Politècnica de València

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

14. J. Aublin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

15. T. Avgitas

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

16. Christos Bagatelas

    National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" · Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310 Greece

17. L. Bailly-Salins
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    LPC, Campus des Cézeaux 24, avenue des Landais BP 80026, Aubière Cedex, 63171 France

18. B. Baret

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

19. Suzan Basegmez du Pree

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

20. M. Bendahman

    Mohammed V University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000 Rabat, Morocco

    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

21. F. Benfenati

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

    Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

22. Edward Berbee

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

23. A. M. van den Berg

    University of Groningen

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    KVI-CART University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

24. Vincent Bertin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

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    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

25. Vincent van Beveren

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

26. S. Biagi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

27. M. Böttcher

    North-West University

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    North-West University, Centre for Space Research, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa

28. M. Bou-Cabo

    Instituto Español de Oceanografía

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    Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Unidad Mixta IEO-UPV, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

29. Jihad Boumaaza

    Mohammed V University

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    University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000 Rabat, Morocco

30. Mohammed Bouta

    Mohamed I University

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    University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, R.P. 60000 Oujda, Morocco

31. M.C. Bouwhuis

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

32. C. Bozza

    University of Salerno · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno

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    Università di Salerno e INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Italy

33. Horea Branzas

    Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary

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    ISS, Atomistilor 409, Măgurele, RO-077125 Romania

34. R. Bruijn

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics · Institute of Physics · Institute for High Energy Physics · University of Amsterdam

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

    University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE Netherlands

35. Jürgen Brunner

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

36. Riccardo Bruno

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

37. Ernst J. Buis

    Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research · National Institute for Subatomic Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

    TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, Delft, 2600 AD Netherlands

38. R. Buompane

    University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

    Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100 Italy

    Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, viale Lincoln 5, Caserta, 81100 Italy

39. J. Busto

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

40. Giorgio Cacopardo

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

41. B. Caiffi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146 Italy

42. David C. Calvo

    Universitat de València · Instituto de Física Corpuscular

    Affiliation as printed

    IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC — Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

43. Stefano Campion

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

    Università La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

44. A. Capone

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

45. V. Carretero

    Universitat de València · Instituto de Física Corpuscular

    Affiliation as printed

    IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC — Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

46. Paolo Castaldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

    Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione “Guglielmo Marconi”, Via dell'Università 50, Cesena, 47521 Italy

    Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione "Guglielmo Marconi", Via dell'Università 50, Cesena, 47521 Italy

47. S. Celli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

    Università La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

48. M. Chabab

    Cadi Ayyad University

    Affiliation as printed

    Cadi Ayyad University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Av. My Abdellah, P.O.B. 2390, Marrakech, 40000 Morocco

49. C. Champion

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

50. Thien Nhan Chau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

51. Andrew W Chen

    University of the Witwatersrand

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    University of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050 South Africa

52. S. Cherubini

    University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

    Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

    Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

53. V. Chiarella

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

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    INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, Frascati, 00044 Italy

54. T. Chiarusi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

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    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

55. M. Circella

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari

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    INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Orabona, 4, Bari, 70125 Italy

56. Rosanna Cocimano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

57. J. A. B. Coelho

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

58. A. Coleiro

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

59. Marta Colomer Molla

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Universitat de València · Université Paris Cité · Instituto de Física Corpuscular

    Affiliation as printed

    IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC — Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

60. R. Coniglione

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

61. Paschal Coyle

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

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    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

62. A. Creusot

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

63. G. Cuttone

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

64. C. D’Amato

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

65. Antonio D’Amico

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

66. R. Dallier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées · IMT Atlantique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université de Nantes · Nantes Université

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    Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler — La Chantrerie, Nantes, BP 20722 44307 France

67. A. De Benedittis

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

68. B. De Martino

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

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    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

69. G. de Wasseige

    UCLouvain

    Affiliation as printed

    UCLouvain, Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology, Chemin du Cyclotron, 2, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1349 Belgium

70. I. Di Palma

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome

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    INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

    Università La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

71. Antonio Francisco Díaz

    Universidad de Granada

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    University of Granada, Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, 18071 Granada, Spain

72. Didac Diego-Tortosa

    Universitat Politècnica de València

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    Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

73. Carla Distefano

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

74. Alba Domi

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics · Institute of Physics · Institute for High Energy Physics · University of Amsterdam

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

    University of Amsterdam, Institute of Physics/IHEF, PO Box 94216, Amsterdam, 1090 GE Netherlands

75. C. Donzaud

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

76. D. Dornic

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

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    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

77. Manuel Dörr

    University of Würzburg

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    University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Würzburg, 97074 Germany

78. E. Drakopoulou

    National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" · Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics

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    NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, 15310 Greece

79. D. Drouhin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Haute-Alsace · Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien · Université de Strasbourg

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    Université de Haute Alsace, rue des Frères Lumière, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

80. T. Eberl

    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

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    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

81. A. Eddyamoui

    Mohammed V University

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    University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000 Rabat, Morocco

82. Thijs van Eeden

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

83. D. van Eijk

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

84. I. El Bojaddaini

    Mohamed I University

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    University Mohammed I, Faculty of Sciences, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, R.P. 60000 Oujda, Morocco

85. S. El Hedri

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

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    Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France

86. A. Enzenhöfer

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

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    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

87. V. Espinosa

    Universitat Politècnica de València

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    Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

88. P. Fermani

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome

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    INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

    Università La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

89. Giovanna Ferrara

    University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

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    INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

    Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

    Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123 Italy

90. Miroslav D Filipović

    Western Sydney University

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    Western Sydney University, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia

91. F. Filippini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

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    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

    Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

92. J-P Fransen

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

93. L. Fusco

    University of Salerno · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno

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    Università di Salerno e INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Dipartimento di Matematica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Italy

94. Deepak Gajanana

    National Institute for Subatomic Physics

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    Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, Amsterdam, 1009 DB Netherlands

95. T. Gal

    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

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    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

96. J. García Méndez

    Universitat Politècnica de València

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    Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, C/ Paranimf, 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

97. Fabio Garufi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II

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    INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

    Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy

    Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, Napoli, 80126 Italy