Development and technical validation of a smartphone‐based pediatric cough detection algorithm
Pediatric Pulmonology, vol. 57, pp. 761–767
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Coughing is a common symptom in pediatric lung disease and cough frequency has been shown to be correlated to disease activity in several conditions. Automated cough detection could provide a noninvasive digital biomarker for pediatric clinical trials or care. The aim of this study was to develop a smartphone-based algorithm that objectively and automatically counts cough sounds of children. METHODS: The training set was composed of 3228 pediatric cough sounds and 480,780 noncough sounds from various publicly available sources and continuous sound recordings of 7 patients admitted due to respiratory disease. A Gradient Boost Classifier was fitted on the training data, which was subsequently validated on recordings from 14 additional patients aged 0-14 admitted to the pediatric ward due to respiratory disease. The robustness of the algorithm was investigated by repeatedly classifying a recording with the smartphone-based algorithm during various conditions. RESULTS: The final algorithm obtained an accuracy of 99.7%, sensitivity of 47.6%, specificity of 99.96%, positive predictive value of 82.2% and negative predictive value 99.8% in the validation dataset. The correlation coefficient between manual- and automated cough counts in the validation dataset was 0.97 (p < .001). The intra- and interdevice reliability of the algorithm was adequate, and the algorithm performed best at an unobstructed distance of 0.5-1 m from the audio source. CONCLUSION: This novel smartphone-based pediatric cough detection application can be used for longitudinal follow-up in clinical care or as digital endpoint in clinical trials.
Authors 10
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Matthijs D. Kruizinga Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center · Centre for Human Drug Research · Haga Hospital · Juliana Kinderziekenhuis
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital HAGA Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ahnjili Zhuparris Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Eva Dessing Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Centre for Human Drug Research · Haga Hospital · Juliana Kinderziekenhuis
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital HAGA Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Fas J. Krol Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center · Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Haga Hospital · Juliana Kinderziekenhuis
Affiliation as printed
Juliana Children's Hospital HAGA Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Robert Jan Doll Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Frederik E. Stuurman Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Vasileios Exadaktylos Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Maastricht University Medical Centre · Haga Hospital · Juliana Kinderziekenhuis
Affiliation as printed
Department of pediatrics Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital HAGA Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
Department of pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Adam F. Cohen corresponding Aachen Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR)
Leiden University · Leiden University Medical Center · Centre for Human Drug Research
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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