High pixel number deformable mirror concept utilizing piezoelectric hysteresis for stable shape configurations

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems, vol. 7, pp. 1–18

Abstract

We present the conceptual design and initial development of the hysteretic deformable mirror (HDM). The HDM is a completely new approach to the design and operation of deformable mirrors (DMs) for wavefront correction in advanced imaging systems. The key technology breakthrough is the application of highly hysteretic piezoelectric material in combination with a simple electrode layout to efficiently define single actuator pixels. The set-and-forget nature of the HDM, which is based on the large remnant deformation of the newly developed piezomaterial, facilitates the use of time division multiplexing to address the single pixels without the need for high update frequencies to avoid pixel drift. This, in combination with the simple electrode layout, paves the way for upscaling to extremely high pixel numbers (≥128 × 128) and pixel density (100 / mm2) DMs, which is of great importance for high spatial frequency wavefront correction in some of the most advanced imaging systems in the world.

Authors 12

1. R. Huisman Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

2. M. P. Bruijn Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

3. Silvia Damerio

   University of Groningen · Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials

   Affiliation as printed

   Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Univ. of Groningen

   University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen

4. Martin J. Eggens Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

5. Syed N. R. Kazmi Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

6. Anja E. M. Schmerbauch

   University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. of Groningen

   University of Groningen, Engineering and Technology Institute of Groningen, Groningen

7. Heino Smit Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

8. Marco Augusto Vasquez-Beltran

   University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. of Groningen

   University of Groningen, Engineering and Technology Institute of Groningen, Groningen

9. Ewout van der Veer

   University of Groningen · Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. of Groningen

   University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen

10. Mónica Acuautla

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of Groningen

    University of Groningen, Engineering and Technology Institute of Groningen, Groningen

11. Bayu Jayawardhana

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of Groningen

    University of Groningen, Engineering and Technology Institute of Groningen, Groningen

12. Beatriz Noheda

    University of Groningen · Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of Groningen

    University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen