Gaia Early Data Release 3

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 649, pp. A7

Abstract

Context. This work is part of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium papers published with the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). It is one of the demonstration papers aiming to highlight the improvements and quality of the newly published data by applying them to a scientific case. Aims. We use the Gaia EDR3 data to study the structure and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. The large distance to the Clouds is a challenge for the Gaia astrometry. The Clouds lie at the very limits of the usability of the Gaia data, which makes the Clouds an excellent case study for evaluating the quality and properties of the Gaia data. Methods. The basis of our work are two samples selected to provide a representation as clean as possible of the stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The selection used criteria based on position, parallax, and proper motions to remove foreground contamination from the Milky Way, and allowed the separation of the stars of both Clouds. From these two samples we defined a series of subsamples based on cuts in the colour-magnitude diagram; these subsamples were used to select stars in a common evolutionary phase and can also be used as approximate proxies of a selection by age. Results. We compared the Gaia Data Release 2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insightsinto features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones.

Authors 99

1. X. Luri

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

2. L. Chemin

   Universidad de Antofagasta

   Affiliation as printed

   Centro de Astronomía – CITEVA, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile

3. G. Clementini

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

4. H. E. Delgado

   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

   Affiliation as printed

   Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain

5. P. J. McMillan

   Lund University

   Affiliation as printed

   Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden

6. Mercè Romero-Gómez

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

7. E. Balbinot

   University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands

8. A. Castro-Ginard

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

9. R. Mor

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

10. V. Ripepi

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

11. Luis Manuel Sarro

    Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

    Affiliation as printed

    Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain

12. M.-R. L. Cioni

    Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam

    Affiliation as printed

    Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany

13. C. Fabricius

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

14. A. Garofalo

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

15. A. Helmi

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands

16. T. Muraveva

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

17. A. G. A. Brown Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

18. Antonella Vallenari

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

19. T. Prusti

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

20. J. H. J. de Bruijne

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

21. C. Babusiaux

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

22. M. Biermann

    Heidelberg University

    Affiliation as printed

    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

23. O. L. Creevey

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

24. Dafydd Wyn Evans

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

25. L. Eyer

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

26. A. Hutton

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

27. F. A. Jansen

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

28. C. Jordi

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

29. S. A. Klioner

    Technische Universität Dresden

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    Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany

30. Uwe Lammers

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

31. L. Lindegren

    Lund University

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    Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden

32. F. Mignard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

33. C. Panem

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

34. D. Pourbaix

    Université Libre de Bruxelles · Fund for Scientific Research

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    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

35. Sofia Randich

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

36. P. Sartoretti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

37. Caroline Soubiran

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

    Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

38. Nicholas A. Walton

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

39. F. Arenou

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

40. C. A. L. Bailer‐Jones

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

41. U. Bastian

    Heidelberg University

    Affiliation as printed

    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

42. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

43. R. Drimmel

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

44. David Katz

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

45. M. G. Lattanzi

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    University of Turin, Department of Physics, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

46. Floor van Leeuwen

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

47. J. Bakker

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

48. J. Castañeda

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    DAPCOM for Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

49. F. De Angeli

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

50. Christine Ducourant

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux

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    Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

    Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France

51. M. Fouesneau

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

52. Y. Frémat

    Royal Observatory of Belgium

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    Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium

53. R. Guerra

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

54. A. Guerrier

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

55. J. Guiraud

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

56. A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

57. E. Masana

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

58. R. Messineo
    Affiliation as printed

    ALTEC S.p.a, Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino, Italy

59. N. Mowlavï

    University of Geneva

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    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

60. C. Nicolas

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

61. K. Nienartowicz

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    Sednai Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

62. F. Pailler

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

63. P. Panuzzo

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

64. F. Riclet

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

65. W. Roux

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

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    CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

66. G. M. Seabroke

    University College London

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    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

67. R. Sordo

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

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    INAF – Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

68. P. Tanga

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

69. F. Thévenin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

70. G. Gracia-Abril

    Heidelberg University · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    Gaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

71. J. Portell

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

72. D. Teyssier

    European Space Agency

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    Telespazio Vega UK Ltd for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

73. M. Altmann

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Heidelberg University · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace · Laboratoire Temps Espace

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    Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France

    SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France

74. R. Andrae

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

75. I. Bellas-Velidis

    National Observatory of Athens

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    National Observatoryof Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece

76. K. Benson

    University College London

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    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

77. J. Berthier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides

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    IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France

78. R. Blomme

    Royal Observatory of Belgium

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    Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium

79. E. Brugaletta

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy

80. P. W. Burgess

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

81. G. Busso

    University of Cambridge

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    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

82. B. Carry

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

83. A. Cellino

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

84. N. Cheek

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    Serco Gestión de Negocios forEuropean Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

85. Y. Damerdji

    University of Liège · Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique

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    CRAAG - Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria

    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    CRAAG - Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l'Observatoire Bp 63 Bouzareah 16340 Algiers, Algeria

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

86. M. Davidson

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

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    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

87. L. Delchambre

    University of Liège

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    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

88. Aldo Dell’Oro

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

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    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

89. L. Galluccio

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

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    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

    Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

90. P. García-Lario

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

91. M. Garcia-Reinaldos

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

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    European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

92. J. González-Núñez

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Universidade de Vigo

    Affiliation as printed

    ETSE Telecomunicación, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain

    Serco Gestión de Negocios forEuropean Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain

93. E. Gosset

    University of Liège · Fund for Scientific Research

    Affiliation as printed

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

    F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

    Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium

94. R. Haigron

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation

    Affiliation as printed

    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France

95. J. L. Halbwachs

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France

96. N. C. Hambly

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

97. Diana L. Harrison

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK

98. D. Hatzidimitriou

    National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15783 Athens, Greece

99. U. Heiter

    Uppsala University

    Affiliation as printed

    Observational Astrophysics, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden