Euclid preparation
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 715, pp. A98
Abstract
We present the first end-to-end validation of the Euclid baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) analysis pipeline, encompassing density-field reconstruction, two-point correlation function measurement, and cosmological parameter inference. Using eight Euclid -like mock catalogues extracted from each of the four snapshots of the Flagship 1 (FS1) simulation, which is designed to replicate the statistical properties of the first Euclid data release (DR1), we assessed the performance of the two standard BAO reconstruction methods based on the Zeldovich approximation, R EC S YM and R EC I SO , in four redshift snapshots (0.9 ≤ z ≤ 1.8). The pipeline introduces several methodological advances: an emulator-based model evaluator ( Bora.jl ) combined with a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler ( NUTS ), achieving a speed-up of more than 500 times relative to standard Monte Carlo Markov chains, and a semi-analytical covariance estimator ( BeXiCov+WinCov ) that enables robust error estimates with only eight mock realisations and remains stable under variations in the fiducial cosmology. Together, these components ensure computational efficiency while significantly reducing the risk of underestimating the parameter uncertainties. The two reconstruction schemes yield unbiased BAO measurements for all redshifts and user-defined choices, including the smoothing scale and fiducial cosmology. In each snapshot, reconstruction enhances the figure of merit for {Ω m , H 0 r s } by a factor of ∼3, which is equivalent to tripling the effective survey volume. When we combined the four redshift bins, the improvement remained substantial, with BAO-only constraints reaching ∼10% precision on Ω m and ∼3% on H 0 r s . The results from R EC S YM and R EC I SO are consistent within the uncertainties, but we recommend R EC S YM during testing because its sensitivity to covariance variations is lower. These findings establish the accuracy, robustness, and scalability of the Euclid BAO pipeline for DR1 and provide a solid foundation for future cosmological analyses.
Authors 100
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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University of Waterloo · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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University of Waterloo · Perimeter Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo
Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Affiliation as printed
Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Toulon · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de Physique Théorique
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo
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Institute of Space Sciences · University of Oslo
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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Institute of Space Sciences · Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo
Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo
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University of Rome Tor Vergata · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata
INFN, Sezione di Roma 2
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille · Centrale Lille Institut
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
INFN-Sezione di Torino
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo
European Space Agency/ESRIN
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Bologna
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University of Milan · Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Milano
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
Technical University of Denmark
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Affiliation as printed
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki