November 26, 2025 article Open access Necessary conditions for valid causal inference from observational data Critical Reviews in Toxicology DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2025.2611827 Full text (OA) OpenAlex Authors 0 Author list not loaded yet. Cited by 0 stored of 1 References 3 Search Sort Most cited Newest Oldest Patent citations Title Any typearticle review book-chapter conference-paper preprint dissertation book dataset other Any fieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences Arts and Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Business, Management and Accounting Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Decision Sciences Dentistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology and Microbiology Materials Science Mathematics Medicine Neuroscience Nursing Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Physics and Astronomy Psychology Social Sciences Veterinary Open access Formulating causal questions and principled statistical answers 2020 Statistics in Medicine article Mathematics Advanced Causal Inference Techniques Open access 86 citations Subgroup detection in linear growth curve models with generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) trees 2024 Behavior Research Methods article Mathematics Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference Open access 13 citations Negative controls: Concepts and caveats 2023 Statistical Methods in Medical Research article Mathematics Advanced Causal Inference Techniques Open access 11 citations 3 results