Stochastic profiles from real driving data for offline battery state estimation validation

Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, vol. 152, pp. 105036

Abstract

• Generation of driving cycles based on real-driving data by Markov chains • Driving cycle assessment by speed acceleration frequency distribution approach • Generation of modular power profiles for different driving conditions • Exemplary validation for state of charge estimation for selected driving cycles A crucial aspect of electric vehicle integration into sustainable transportation systems is the reliable estimation of battery states, such as the State of Charge, under realistic driving conditions to ensure the robustness of battery management systems. This work presents a method for generating stochastic power profiles using Markov chains based on real-world driving data of an electric vehicle. This data is classified into urban, rural, and highway segments, defining transition probability matrices for driving events like acceleration, deceleration, cruise, and idle. The resulting driving cycles serve as input for a vehicle model to simulate vehicle-specific power profiles, which are then used to validate three different state-of-charge estimators in a Model-in-the-Loop environment. Our results reveal significant differences in algorithm accuracy under various driving conditions. This work demonstrates the necessity for comprehensive validation using diverse, realistic profiles to ensure reliable battery state estimation, ultimately enhancing the understanding of algorithm performance.

Authors 6

1. Franziska Berger corresponding Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany

2. Araz Ismayilov Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany

3. Katharina Lilith Quade Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany

4. Dominik Jöst Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany

5. Florian Ringbeck Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany

6. Dirk Uwe Sauer Aachen Center for Ageing Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA) Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS)

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Helmholtz-Institute Münster · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center for Ageing, Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IMD-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 89, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, Mathieustrasse 10, Aachen, 52074, Germany

   Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Templergraben 55, Aachen, 52056, Germany