November 27, 2025 article Open access On the Utilization and Characterization of External Biotransformation Systems in In Vitro Toxicology: A Critical Review of the Scientific Literature with Guidance Recommendations ACS Environmental Au DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00096 Full text (OA) OpenAlex Authors 0 Author list not loaded yet. Cited by 0 stored of 1 References 3 Search Sort Most cited Newest Oldest Patent citations Title Any typearticle review book-chapter conference-paper preprint dissertation book dataset other Any fieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences Arts and Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Business, Management and Accounting Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Decision Sciences Dentistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology and Microbiology Materials Science Mathematics Medicine Neuroscience Nursing Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Physics and Astronomy Psychology Social Sciences Veterinary Open access Optimization of a pre-metabolization procedure using rat liver S9 and cell-extracted S9 in the Ames fluctuation test 2020 The Science of The Total Environment article Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment 31 citations Using a high-throughput method in the micronucleus assay to compare animal-free with rat-derived S9 2020 The Science of The Total Environment article Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment 22 citations Is a liver comparable to a liver? A comparison of different rat-derived S9-fractions with a biotechnological animal-free alternative in the Ames fluctuation assay 2020 The Science of The Total Environment article Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment 19 citations 3 results