Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A33

Abstract

We present the first catalogue of strong-lensing galaxy clusters identified in the Euclid Quick Release 1 observations (covering 63.1 deg 2 ). This catalogue is the result of the visual inspection of 1260 Euclid image cutouts of previously identified galaxy clusters. Each galaxy cluster was assigned a lensing score, 𝒫 lens , derived from the aggregated votes of multiple visual inspectors, the majority of whom possess extensive expertise in strong gravitational lensing. Votes were assigned based on the assessed credibility and plausibility of the identified strong-lensing features. Specifically, we identified 83 gravitational lenses with 𝒫 lens > 0.5, of which 14 have 𝒫 lens = 1 and clearly exhibit secure strong-lensing features, such as giant tangential and radial arcs, and multiple images. Considering the measured number density of lensing galaxy clusters, approximately 0.3 deg −2 for 𝒫 lens > 0.9, we predict that Euclid will likely observe more than 4500 strong-lensing clusters over the course of the mission. Notably, only three of the identified cluster-scale lenses had previously been observed from space. Thus, Euclid has provided the first high-resolution imaging for the remaining 80 strong-lensing galaxy cluster candidates, including those with the highest scores. The identified strong-lensing features will be used to train deep-learning models to automatically identify gravitational arcs and multiple images in the Euclid observations. This study confirms the great potential of Euclid for finding new strong-lensing clusters, enabling exciting new discoveries on the nature of dark matter and dark energy and the study of the high-redshift Universe.

Authors 92

1. P. Bergamini

   University of Milan · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

2. Massimo Meneghetti

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

   INFN-Sezione di Bologna

3. Ana Acebrón

   Instituto de Física de Cantabria

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros

4. B. Clément

   École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

   SCITAS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

5. M. Bolzonella

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

6. C. Grillo

   University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

   INAF-IASF Milano

7. P. Rosati

   University of Ferrara · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

8. D. Abriola

   University of Milan

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

9. Javier A Acevedo Barroso

   École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

10. G. Angora

    University of Ferrara · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

11. L. Bazzanini

    University of Ferrara · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

12. R. Cabanac

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES

13. B.C Nagam

    University of Minnesota · University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

14. Asantha Roshan Cooray

    University of California, Irvine

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine

15. Giulia Despali

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

16. Jose Maria Diego

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros

17. M Fogliardi

    University of Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara

18. Aymeric Galan

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics · Technical University of Munich

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik

    Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department

19. R. Gavazzi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

20. G. Granata

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

21. Natalie B Hogg

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Montpellier · Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire univers et particules de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS

22. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

23. L. Leuzzi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

24. T. Li

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

25. Marco Jacopo Lombardi

    University of Milan

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

26. Guillaume Mahler

    University of Liège · Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University

    STAR Institute, University of Liège, Quartier Agora

27. A. Manjón-García

    Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar

28. R. B. Metcalf

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

29. Masamune Oguri

    Chiba University

    Affiliation as printed

    Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University

    Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University

30. Jose M. Palencia

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros

31. J. Richard

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, UMR5574, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon

32. K. Rojas

    FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland · University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

    University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering

33. L.R Ecker

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

34. Claudia M. Scarlata

    University of Minnesota

    Affiliation as printed

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

35. M. Schirmer

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

36. S. Schuldt

    University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

    INAF-IASF Milano

37. Dominique Sluse

    University of Liège

    Affiliation as printed

    STAR Institute, University of Liège, Quartier Agora

38. Gregory P. Smith

    University of Vienna · University of Birmingham

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna

    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham

39. C. Tortora

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

40. G. Vernardos

    American Museum of Natural History · Lehman College · City University of New York

    Affiliation as printed

    American Museum of Natural History, Department of Astrophysics

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College of the CUNY

41. Gregory Walth

    California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center

    Affiliation as printed

    Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd

42. Y. Xie

    Shanghai Astronomical Observatory · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

    Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO)

43. Miguel Zumalacárregui

    Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)

44. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale

45. A Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

46. Luca Amendola

    Heidelberg University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg

47. Stefano Andreon

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

48. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

49. Hervé Aussel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

50. C. Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

51. Marco Baldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

52. A. Balestra

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

53. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

54. Alberto Basset

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre Spatial de Toulouse

55. Paola Maria Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

56. Ralf Bender

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

57. A. Biviano

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

58. D. Bonino

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

59. E. Branchini

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

60. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

61. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

62. Amandine Caillat

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

63. S. Camera

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

64. G Cañas-Herrera Aachen Institute Lorentz Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

65. V. Capobianco

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

66. C. Carbone

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

67. J. Carretero

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

68. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

69. Francisco Javier Castander

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

70. M. Castellano

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

71. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

72. S. Cavuoti

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN Section of Naples

73. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

74. A. Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

75. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

76. G. Congedo

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

77. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

78. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo

    European Space Agency/ESRIN

79. F. Courbin

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

80. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

81. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

82. A. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande

83. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

84. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

85. Anna M. Di Giorgio

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

86. H. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale

87. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

88. X. Dupac

    European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo

89. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

90. A. Ealet

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

91. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

92. Maximilian Fabricius

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München