Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A10

Abstract

The Euclid Q1 fields were selected for calibration purposes in cosmology and are therefore relatively devoid of nearby galaxies. However, this is precisely what makes them interesting fields in which to search for dwarf galaxies in local density environments. We took advantage of the unprecedented depth, spatial resolution, and field of view of the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) to build a census of dwarf galaxies in these regions. We have identified dwarf galaxies in a representative sample of 25 contiguous tiles in the Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N) covering an area of 14.25 deg 2 . The dwarf galaxy candidates were identified using a semi-automatic detection method based on properties measured by the Euclid pipeline and released as part of the catalogue produced by the MERge Processing Function (MER PF) pipeline. A selection cut in surface brightness and magnitude was used to produce an initial dwarf candidate catalogue, and this was followed by a cut in morphology (removing background spirals) and I E − H E colour (removing red ellipticals). This catalogue was then visually classified to produce a final sample of dwarf candidates, including their morphology, number of nuclei, globular cluster (GC) richness, and presence of a blue compact centre. We identified 2674 dwarf candidates, corresponding to 188 dwarfs per square degree. The visual classification of the dwarfs reveals a slightly uneven morphological mix of 58% ellipticals and 42% irregulars, with very few potentially GC-rich (1.0%) and nucleated (4.0%) candidates but a noticeable fraction (6.9%) of dwarfs with blue compact centres. The distance distribution of 388 (15%) of the dwarf candidates with spectroscopic redshifts peaks at about 400 Mpc. Their stellar mass distribution confirms that our selection effectively identifies dwarfs while minimising contamination. The most prominent dwarf overdensities are dominated by dwarf ellipticals, while dwarf irregulars are more evenly distributed across the field of view. This work highlights Euclid ’s remarkable ability to detect and characterise dwarf galaxies across diverse masses, distances, and environments.

Authors 88

1. Francine R. Marleau

   Universität Innsbruck

   Affiliation as printed

   Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik

2. Rebecca A. Habas

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Collurania Teramo Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo

3. D. Carollo

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

4. P.‐A. Duc

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Strasbourg · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

   Affiliation as printed

   Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

5. Elisabeth Sola

   University of Cambridge

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge

6. T. Saifollahi

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Strasbourg · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

   Affiliation as printed

   Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

7. M. Fügenschuh

   Universität Innsbruck

   Affiliation as printed

   Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik

8. M. Walmsley

   University of Manchester · University of Toronto

   Affiliation as printed

   David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto

   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

9. Raphael Zöller

   Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

10. A. Ferré-Mateu

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

11. Michele Cantiello

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Collurania Teramo Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo

12. M Urbano

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Strasbourg · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

13. Elham Saremi

    University of Southampton

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton

14. R. Laureijs

    European Space Agency · University of Groningen · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

15. M. Hilker

    European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory

16. Oliver Müller

    University of Cambridge · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny

    Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, University of Cambridge

17. R. F. Peletier

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

18. O. Marchal

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Strasbourg · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

19. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

20. B. Altieri

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

21. A Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

22. Stefano Andreon

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

23. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

24. Carlo Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

25. Marco Baldi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

26. A. Balestra

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

27. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

28. Alberto Basset

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse

29. Ralf Bender

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

30. A. Biviano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

31. D. Bonino

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

32. E. Branchini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Genoa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

33. M. Brescia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Naples Federico II · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

34. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

35. S. Camera

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

36. G Cañas-Herrera

    Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

37. V. Capobianco

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

38. J. Carretero

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

39. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

40. M Castellano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

41. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

42. S. Cavuoti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

43. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

44. A Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

45. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

46. G. Congedo

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

47. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

48. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

    European Space Agency/ESRIN

49. Y. Copin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

50. L. Corcione

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

51. F. Courbin

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona · Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

52. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

53. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

54. J.-C. Cuillandre

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

55. A da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

56. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

57. G. De Lucia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

58. Anna M. Di Giorgio

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

59. C. Dolding

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

60. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

61. X. Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

62. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

63. Maximilian Fabricius

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

64. Maria Farina

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

65. F Faustini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

66. S Ferriol

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon

67. P. Fosalba

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

68. S. Fotopoulou

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

69. M. Frailis

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

70. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

71. P. Franzetti

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

72. M. Fumana

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

73. Samuele Galeotta

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

74. Bryan R. Gillis

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

75. C. Giocoli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

76. B. R. Granett

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

77. A. Grazian

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

78. F Grupp

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

79. S Gwyn

    National Research Council Canada · Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    NRC Herzberg

80. S. V. H. Haugan

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo

81. J. Hoar

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

82. Henk Hoekstra

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

83. W. Holmes

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

84. F. Hormuth
    Affiliation as printed

    Felix Hormuth Engineering

85. Hudelot P

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

86. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

87. Murzy D. Jhabvala

    Goddard Space Flight Center

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

88. B Joachimi

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London