Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A11

Abstract

Stellar bars are key structures in disc galaxies, driving angular momentum redistribution and influencing processes such as bulge growth and star formation. Quantifying the bar fraction as a function of redshift and stellar mass is therefore important for constraining the physical processes that drive disc formation and evolution across the history of the Universe. Leveraging the unprecedented resolution and survey area of the Euclid Q1 data release, combined with the Zoobot deep-learning model trained on citizen science labels, we identified 7711 barred galaxies with M * ≳ 10 10 M ⊙ in a magnitude-selected sample ( I E < 20.5) spanning 63.1 deg 2 . We measured a mean bar fraction of 0.2–0.4, consistent with previous studies. At fixed redshift, massive galaxies exhibit higher bar fractions, while lower-mass systems show a steeper decline with redshift, suggesting earlier disc assembly in massive galaxies. Comparisons with cosmological simulations (e.g. TNG50 , Auriga ) reveal a broadly consistent bar fraction, but highlight overpredictions for high-mass systems, pointing to potential over-efficiency in central stellar mass build-up in simulations. A semi-empirical model ( Decode ) in which bar formation is regulated by the gas fraction broadly reproduces the observed bar fractions. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of Euclid for galaxy morphology studies and underscore the importance of refining theoretical models to better reproduce observed trends. Future work will explore finer mass bins, environmental correlations, and additional morphological indicators.

Authors 93

1. M. Walmsley

   University of Manchester · University of Toronto

   Affiliation as printed

   David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto

   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

2. M. Siudek

   Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias · Institute of Space Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

   Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)

3. Patricia Iglesias-Navarro

   Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

   Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

4. Johan H. Knapen

   Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

   Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

5. Stephen Serjeant

   The Open University

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physical Sciences, The Open University

6. H. J. Dickinson

   The Open University

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physical Sciences, The Open University

7. L. Fortson

   University of Minnesota

   Affiliation as printed

   Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

8. Izzy L. Garland

   Masaryk University

   Affiliation as printed

   Masaryk University

9. Tobias Géron

   University of Toronto

   Affiliation as printed

   David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto

10. William C. Keel

    University of Alabama

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Alabama

11. Chris J. Lintott

    University of Oxford

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Oxford University

12. Kameswara Bharadwaj Mantha

    University of Minnesota

    Affiliation as printed

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

13. Karen L. Masters

    Haverford College

    Affiliation as printed

    Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College

14. David O’Ryan

    Centro de Astrobiología

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, ESAC Campus

15. Jürgen Popp

    The Open University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physical Sciences, The Open University

16. Claudia M. Scarlata

    University of Minnesota

    Affiliation as printed

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

17. Jason Shingirai Makechemu

    Lancaster University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Lancaster University

18. Brooke D. Simmons

    Lancaster University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Lancaster University

19. Rebecca J. Smethurst

    University of Oxford

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Oxford University

20. Ashley Spindler

    University of Hertfordshire

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire

21. M. Baes

    Ghent University

    Affiliation as printed

    Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent

22. E. M. Corsini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

23. H. Domínguez Sánchez

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

24. Eva Durán-Camacho

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

25. Haozhu Fu

    Fudan University · University of Southampton

    Affiliation as printed

    Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, Fudan University

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton

26. Junais Madathodika

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

27. J. Méndez‐Abreu

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

28. Angelos Nersesian

    University of Liège · Ghent University

    Affiliation as printed

    STAR Institute, University of Liège

    Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent

29. F. Shankar

    University of Southampton

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton

30. M.N Le

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica

31. Jesús Vega-Ferrero

    Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)

32. Lingyu Wang

    University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

33. B Altieri

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

34. A Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

35. Stefano Andreon

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

36. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

37. C. Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

38. Marco Baldi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

39. A. Balestra

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

40. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

41. Alberto Basset

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse

42. F. Bernardeau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Institut de Physique Théorique

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

43. A. Biviano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

44. E. Branchini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Genoa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

45. M. Brescia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Naples Federico II · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

46. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

47. S. Camera

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

48. V. Capobianco

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

49. J. Carretero

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

50. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

51. M Castellano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

52. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

53. S. Cavuoti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

54. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

55. A Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

56. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

57. G. Congedo

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

58. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

59. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

    European Space Agency/ESRIN

60. Y. Copin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

61. F Courbin

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona · Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

62. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

63. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

64. A da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

65. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

66. G. De Lucia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

67. Anna M. Di Giorgio

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

68. C. Dolding

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

69. Herve A. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

70. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

71. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

72. X Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

73. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

74. A. Ealet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

75. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

76. Maximilian Fabricius

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

77. Maria Farina

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

78. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

79. F Faustini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

80. S Ferriol

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

81. Fabio Finelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

82. S. Fotopoulou

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

83. Samuele Galeotta

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

84. Koshy George

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

85. William Gillard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

86. Bryan R. Gillis

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

87. C. Giocoli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

88. Javier Graciá-Carpio

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

89. A. Grazian

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

90. F Grupp

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

91. Stephen Gwyn

    National Research Council Canada · Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    NRC Herzberg

92. S. V. H. Haugan

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo

93. Henk Hoekstra

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University