Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A20

Abstract

We present three catalogues of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) fields. For each Euclid source, we collected multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic information from surveys such as the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), Gaia , the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Spitzer , the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including spectroscopic redshifts from public compilations when available. We investigated the AGN content of the Q1 fields using multiple selection methods. Applying Euclid colours and WISE-AllWISE cuts, we identified 292 222 and 65 131 candidates, respectively. We compiled a high-purity QSO catalogue based on Gaia DR3 information, containing 1971 candidates. Using spectroscopic information from DESI, we performed broad-line and narrow-line AGN selections, yielding 4392 AGN candidates across the Q1 fields. We investigated and refined the Euclid Q1 probabilistic random forest QSO population, selecting a refined sample of 180 666 candidates. Additionally, we performed spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting on sources with available z spec , and utilising the derived AGN fraction, we identified 7766 AGN candidates. To improve the purity of the selection, we defined two new colour criteria ( JH _ I E Y and I E H _ gz ), finding 313 714 and 267 513 candidates, respectively, across the Q1 fields. We have found a total of 229 779 AGN candidates equivalent to an AGN surface density of 3641 deg −2 for 18 < I E ≤ 24.5 and a subsample of 30 422 candidates corresponding to an AGN surface density of 482 deg −2 when limiting the depth to 18 < I E ≤ 22. The AGN surface densities recovered are consistent with predictions based on AGN X-ray luminosity functions.

Authors 85

1. S. Fotopoulou

   University of Bristol

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

2. Federica Ricci

   Roma Tre University · Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

3. M. Bolzonella

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

4. Fabio La Franca

   Roma Tre University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University

5. A. Viitanen

   Helsinki Institute of Physics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

6. G. Zamorani

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

7. Mark B. Taylor

   University of Bristol

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

8. Mar Mezcua

   Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

   Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

9. Brivael Laloux

   Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

10. A. Bongiorno

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

11. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

12. Laura Bisigello

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

13. W. Roster

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

14. Y. Fu Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · University of Groningen · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

15. Berta Margalef-Bentabol Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

16. Antonio La Marca Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

17. F. Tarsitano

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

18. A. Feltre

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

19. João Calhau

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

20. X. Lopez Lopez

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

21. M. Scialpi

    University of Trento · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · University of Florence · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

    University of Trento

22. Mara Salvato

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

23. V. Allevato

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

24. M. Siudek

    Institute of Space Sciences · Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)

25. Christoph Saulder

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

26. Daniela Vergani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

27. M. N. Bremer

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

28. L. Wang Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

29. Marika Giulietti

    Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia

30. D. M. Alexander

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

31. Francesco Shankar

    University of Southampton

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton

32. Luigi Spinoglio

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

33. Douglas Scott

    University of British Columbia

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia

34. Raphael A. Shirley

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

35. Hermine Landt

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

36. M. Selwood

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

37. Yoshiki Toba

    Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Ritsumeikan University · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · Academia Sinica

    Affiliation as printed

    Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA)

    Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

38. Pratika Dayal

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

39. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

40. Adam Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

41. Stefano Andreon

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

42. Hervé Aussel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

43. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

44. Alberto Basset

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse

45. Paola Maria Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

46. A. Biviano

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

47. Andrea Bonchi

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

48. E. Branchini

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

49. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

50. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

51. S. Camera

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

52. G Cañas-Herrera Aachen Institute Lorentz Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

53. V. Capobianco

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

54. C. Carbone

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

55. Francisco Javier Castander

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

56. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

57. S. Cavuoti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

58. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

59. A Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

60. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

61. G. Congedo

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

62. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

63. F. Courbin

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

64. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

65. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

66. A. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

67. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

68. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

69. H. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

70. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

71. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

72. X. Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

73. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

74. A. Ealet

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

75. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

76. Maximilian Fabricius

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

77. Maria Farina

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

78. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

79. F Faustini

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

80. S. Ferriol

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

81. Fabio Finelli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

82. N. Fourmanoit

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

83. M. Frailis

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

84. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

85. Samuele Galeotta

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste