Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A20

Abstract

We present three catalogues of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) fields. For each Euclid source, we collected multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic information from surveys such as the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), Gaia , the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Spitzer , the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including spectroscopic redshifts from public compilations when available. We investigated the AGN content of the Q1 fields using multiple selection methods. Applying Euclid colours and WISE-AllWISE cuts, we identified 292 222 and 65 131 candidates, respectively. We compiled a high-purity QSO catalogue based on Gaia DR3 information, containing 1971 candidates. Using spectroscopic information from DESI, we performed broad-line and narrow-line AGN selections, yielding 4392 AGN candidates across the Q1 fields. We investigated and refined the Euclid Q1 probabilistic random forest QSO population, selecting a refined sample of 180 666 candidates. Additionally, we performed spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting on sources with available z spec , and utilising the derived AGN fraction, we identified 7766 AGN candidates. To improve the purity of the selection, we defined two new colour criteria ( JH _ I E Y and I E H _ gz ), finding 313 714 and 267 513 candidates, respectively, across the Q1 fields. We have found a total of 229 779 AGN candidates equivalent to an AGN surface density of 3641 deg −2 for 18 < I E ≤ 24.5 and a subsample of 30 422 candidates corresponding to an AGN surface density of 482 deg −2 when limiting the depth to 18 < I E ≤ 22. The AGN surface densities recovered are consistent with predictions based on AGN X-ray luminosity functions.

Authors 83

1. S. Fotopoulou

   University of Bristol

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

2. Federica Ricci

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Roma Tre University · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

3. M. Bolzonella

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

4. Fabio La Franca

   Roma Tre University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University

5. A. Viitanen

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Helsinki Institute of Physics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

6. G. Zamorani

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

7. Mark B. Taylor

   University of Bristol

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

8. Mar Mezcua

   Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

   Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

9. Brivael Laloux

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

10. A. Bongiorno

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

11. Laura Bisigello

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

12. W. Roster

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

13. Y. Fu

    Leiden University · University of Groningen · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

14. Berta Margalef-Bentabol

    Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

15. Antonio La Marca

    University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

16. F. Tarsitano

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

17. A. Feltre

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

18. João Calhau

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

19. X. Lopez Lopez

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

20. M. Scialpi

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Trento · University of Florence · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

    University of Trento

21. Mara Salvato

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

22. V. Allevato

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

23. M. Siudek

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias · Institute of Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)

24. Christoph Saulder

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

25. Daniela Vergani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

26. M. N. Bremer

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

27. L. Wang

    University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

28. Marika Giulietti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia

29. D. M. Alexander

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

30. Francesco Shankar

    University of Southampton

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton

31. Luigi Spinoglio

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

32. Douglas Scott

    University of British Columbia

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia

33. Raphael A. Shirley

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

34. Hermine Landt

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

35. M. Selwood

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

36. Yoshiki Toba

    Academia Sinica · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Ritsumeikan University

    Affiliation as printed

    Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA)

    Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

37. Pratika Dayal

    University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

38. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

39. Adam Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

40. Stefano Andreon

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

41. Hervé Aussel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

42. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

43. Alberto Basset

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse

44. Paola Maria Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

45. A. Biviano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

46. Andrea Bonchi

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

47. E. Branchini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Genoa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

48. M. Brescia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Naples Federico II · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

49. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

50. S. Camera

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

51. G Cañas-Herrera

    Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

52. V. Capobianco

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

53. C. Carbone

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

54. Francisco Javier Castander

    Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

55. S. Cavuoti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

56. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

57. A Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

58. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

59. G. Congedo

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

60. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

61. F. Courbin

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona · Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

62. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

63. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

64. A. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

65. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

66. G. De Lucia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

67. H. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

68. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

69. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

70. X. Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

71. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

72. A. Ealet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

73. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

74. Maximilian Fabricius

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

75. Maria Farina

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

76. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

77. F Faustini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

78. S. Ferriol

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

79. Fabio Finelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

80. N. Fourmanoit

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

81. M. Frailis

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

82. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

83. Samuele Galeotta

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste