Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A13
Abstract
Modern astronomical surveys, such as the Euclid mission, produce high-dimensional, multi-modal datasets that include imaging and spectroscopic information for millions of galaxies. These data serve as an ideal benchmark for large, pre-trained multi-modal models, which can leverage vast amounts of unlabelled data. In this work, we present the first exploration of Euclid data with AstroPT , an autoregressive multi-modal foundation model trained on approximately 300000 optical and infrared Euclid images and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the first Euclid Quick Data Release. We compare self-supervised pre-training with baseline fully supervised training across several tasks: galaxy morphology classification; redshift estimation; similarity searches; and outlier detection. Our results show that: (a) AstroPT embeddings are highly informative, correlating with morphology and effectively isolating outliers; (b) including infrared data helps to isolate stars, but degrades the identification of edge-on galaxies, which are better captured by optical images; (c) simple fine-tuning of these embeddings for photometric redshift and stellar mass estimation outperforms a fully supervised approach, even when using only 1% of the training labels; and (d) incorporating SED data into AstroPT via a straightforward multi-modal token-chaining method improves photo- z predictions, and allow us to identify potentially more interesting anomalies (such as ringed or interacting galaxies) compared to a model pre-trained solely on imaging data.
Authors 95
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Institute of Space Sciences · Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
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Affiliation as printed
Aspia Space
School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire
UniverseTBD
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
Affiliation as printed
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP
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Instituto de Física de Cantabria
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Física de Cantabria
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Leiden University · University of Groningen · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Affiliation as printed
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
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Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
Affiliation as printed
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
INFN-Sezione di Torino
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Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre
Affiliation as printed
European Space Agency/ESTEC
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
European Space Agency/ESRIN
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
Affiliation as printed
INFN-Padova
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Bologna
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · National Research Council Canada
Affiliation as printed
NRC Herzberg
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Lancaster University
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Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
Technical University of Denmark
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Affiliation as printed
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics
Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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