Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A28

Abstract

Strong gravitational lensing has the potential to provide a powerful probe of astrophysics and cosmology, but fewer than 1000 strong lenses have been confirmed so far. With a 0 . ″ 16 resolution covering a third of the sky, the Euclid telescope will revolutionise the identification of strong lenses, with 170 000 lenses forecasted to be discovered amongst the 1.5 billion galaxies it will observe. We present an analysis of the performance of five machine-learning models at finding strong gravitational lenses in the quick release of Euclid data (Q1) covering 63 deg 2 . The models have been validated by citizen scientists and expert visual inspection. We focus on the best-performing network: a fine-tuned version of the Zoobot pretrained model originally trained to classify galaxy morphologies in heterogeneous astronomical imaging surveys. Of the one million Q1 objects that Zoobot was tasked to find strong lenses within, the top 1000 ranked objects contain 122 grade A lenses (almost-certain lenses) and 41 grade B lenses (probable lenses). A deeper search with the five networks combined with visual inspection yielded 250 (247) grade A (B) lenses, of which 224 (182) are ranked in the top 20 000 by Zoobot . When extrapolated to the full Euclid survey, the highest ranked one million images will contain 75 000 grade A or B strong gravitational lenses.

Authors 95

1. N.E.P. Lines

   University of Portsmouth

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

2. T.E Collett

   University of Portsmouth

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

3. M. Walmsley

   University of Toronto · University of Manchester

   Affiliation as printed

   David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto

   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

4. K. Rojas

   FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland · University of Portsmouth

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

   University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering

5. Tian Li

   University of Portsmouth

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

6. L. Leuzzi

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

7. A. Manjón-García

   Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

   Affiliation as printed

   Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

8. S. H. Vincken

   FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland

   Affiliation as printed

   University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering

9. Paul H. Holloway

   University of Oxford

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics, Oxford University

10. A. Verma

    University of Oxford

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Oxford University

11. R. B. Metcalf

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

12. I.T Andika

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics · Technical University of Munich

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik

    Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department

13. M. Melchior

    FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering

14. H. Domínguez Sánchez

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria

15. Anastasio Díaz-Sánchez

    Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

16. Javier A Acevedo Barroso

    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

17. B. Clément

    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

    SCITAS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

18. Coleman Krawczyk

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

19. R Pearce-Casey

    The Open University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physical Sciences, The Open University

20. Stephen Serjeant

    The Open University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physical Sciences, The Open University

21. F. Courbin

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

22. Giulia Despali

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

23. R. Gavazzi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

24. S. Schuldt

    University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano

    INAF-IASF Milano

25. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

26. L.R Ecker

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

27. Wolfgang Enzi

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

28. Kyle Finner

    California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center

    Affiliation as printed

    Caltech/IPAC

29. Aymeric Galan

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics · Technical University of Munich

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik

    Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department

30. C. Giocoli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

31. Natalie B Hogg

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Montpellier · Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire univers et particules de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS

32. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

33. Sandor Kruk

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

34. Guillaume Mahler

    University of Liège · Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University

    STAR Institute, University of Liège

35. Anupreeta More

    Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo

    The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

36. B.C Nagam

    University of Minnesota · University of Groningen

    Affiliation as printed

    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

37. Ana Sainz de Murieta

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

38. Claudia M. Scarlata

    University of Minnesota

    Affiliation as printed

    Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota

39. Alessandro Sonnenfeld

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

40. Chiara Spiniello

    University of Oxford

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Oxford University

41. T.T. Thai

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

42. C. Tortora

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

43. L. Ulivi

    University of Trento · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · University of Florence · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

    University of Trento

44. Luke W. Weisenbach

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth

45. Miguel Zumalacárregui

    Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)

46. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

47. B. Altieri

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

48. Adam Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey

49. Stefano Andreon

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

50. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

51. Hervé Aussel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

52. Carlo Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

53. Marco Baldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

54. A. Balestra

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

55. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

56. Paola Maria Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

57. Ralf Bender

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

58. Francis Bernardeau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut de Physique Théorique

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

59. A. Biviano

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

60. Andrea Bonchi

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency

61. D. Bonino

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

62. E. Branchini

    Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

63. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

64. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

65. S. Camera

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

66. G Cañas-Herrera Aachen Institute Lorentz Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

    Institute Lorentz, Leiden University

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

67. V. Capobianco

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

68. C. Carbone

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

69. V. F. Cardone

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    INFN-Sezione di Roma

70. J. Carretero

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

71. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

72. M. Castellano

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

73. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

74. S. Cavuoti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

75. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

76. A. Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

77. G. Congedo

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory

78. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

79. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

    European Space Agency/ESRIN

80. Y. Copin

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

81. A. Costille

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

82. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

83. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

84. A. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa

85. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

86. Anna M. Di Giorgio

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

87. C. Dolding

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London

88. H. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

89. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

90. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester

91. X. Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

92. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

93. Maximilian Fabricius

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

94. Maria Farina

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

95. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna