Endogenous RALF peptide function is required for powdery mildew host colonization

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), vol. 251, pp. 2073–2090

Abstract

The receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) is a susceptibility factor for biotrophic powdery mildew fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. FER is required for the perception of endogenous RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides to control various aspects of plant growth, development and immunity. RALFs are either perceived by FER/LORELEI-LIKE GPI-ANCHORED PROTEIN (LLG) heterocomplexes to induce cellular responses or bind to LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN (LRX) proteins as cell wall structural components. Combining genetics, cell biology and biochemistry, we found that FER's endogenous RALF ligands are necessary for full colonization success of the powdery mildew-species Erysiphe cruciferarum. We reveal that LLGs and LRXs are also powdery mildew susceptibility factors. We show that cell wall remodeling and apoplastic pH homeostasis, hallmark features of RALF function, support powdery mildew reproductive success. We provide data that RALF-dependent powdery mildew pathogenesis is partially independent of FER. Powdery mildew fungi likely do not produce RALF peptide mimics, suggesting their reliance on endogenous RALFs for successful host colonization. We propose that powdery mildew fungi require RALF-mediated modulation of apoplastic pH and pectin remodeling for successful host colonization, highlighting a new susceptibility mechanism by obligate biotrophic fungi.

Authors 9

1. Henriette Leicher

   Technical University of Munich

   Affiliation as printed

   Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany

2. Sebastian D. Schade

   Technical University of Munich

   Affiliation as printed

   Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany

3. Jan Hübbers Aachen Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology Institute for Biology I

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

4. Kristina S. Munzert‐Eberlein

   Philipps University of Marburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

5. Genc Haljiti

   Technical University of Munich

   Affiliation as printed

   Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany

6. Toshinori Kinoshita

   Nagoya University

   Affiliation as printed

   Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan

   Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan

7. Timo Engelsdorf

   Philipps University of Marburg

   Affiliation as printed

   Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

8. Ralph Hückelhoven

   Technical University of Munich

   Affiliation as printed

   Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany

9. Martin Stegmann corresponding

   Technical University of Munich

   Affiliation as printed

   Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany