Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 695, pp. A282

Abstract

Context. Cluster cosmology can benefit from combining multi-wavelength studies. In turn, these studies benefit from a characterisation of the correlation coefficients among different mass-observable relations. Aims. In this work, we aim to provide information on the scatter, skewness, and covariance of various mass-observable relations in galaxy clusters in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. This information will help future analyses improve the general approach to accretion histories and projection effects, as well as to model mass-observable relations for cosmology studies. Methods. We identified galaxy clusters in Magneticum Box2b simulations with masses of M200c > 1014 M⊙ at redshifts of z = 0.24 and z = 0.90. Our analysis included Euclid-derived properties such as richness, stellar mass, lensing mass, and concentration. Additionally, we investigated complementary multi-wavelength data, including X-ray luminosity, integrated Compton-y parameter, gas mass, and temperature. We then examined the impact of projection effects on mass-observable residuals and correlations. Results. We find that at intermediate redshift (z = 0.24), projection effects have the greatest impact of lensing concentration, richness, and gas mass in terms of the scatter and skewness of the log-residuals of scaling relations. The contribution of projection effects can be significant enough to boost a spurious hot- versus cold-baryon correlations and consequently hide underlying correlations due to halo accretion histories. At high redshift (z = 0.9), the richness has a much lower scatter (of log-residuals), while the quantity that is most impacted by projection effects is the lensing mass. The lensing concentration reconstruction, in particular, is affected by deviations of the reduced-shear profile shape from that derived using a Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile; the amount of interlopers in the line of sight, on the other hand, is not as important.

Authors 100

1. Antonio Ragagnin
2. A. Saro
3. Stefano Andreon
4. A. Biviano
5. Klaus Dolag

   Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

   Affiliation as printed

   Universitäts-Sternwarte München , Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München , Scheinerstrasse 1 , 81679 München , Germany

6. S. Ettori
7. C. Giocoli

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bologna , Via Irne- rio 46 , 40126 Bologna , Italy

8. Amandine M. C. Le Brun
9. G. A. Mamon

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris , 98 bis Boulevard Arago , 75014 Paris , France

   Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris , UMR 7095 , CNRS , and Sor- bonne Université , 98 bis boulevard Arago , 75014 Paris , France

10. Ben J. Maughan

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics , HH Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol BS8 1TL , UK

11. Massimo Meneghetti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 , 40127 Bologna , Italy

12. Lauro Moscardini
13. F. Pacaud
14. G. W. Pratt
15. Mauro Sereno

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 , 40127 Bologna , Italy

16. S. Borgani
17. F. Calura

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

18. G. Castignani
19. M. De Petris

    Sapienza University of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica , Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 , 00185 Roma , Italy

20. D. Eckert

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy , University of Geneva , Ch. d'Ecogia 16 , 1290 Versoix , Switzerland

21. Giorgio Francesco Lesci

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi " -Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/2 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

22. Juan Francisco Macias-Perez

    Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , Grenoble INP , LPSC-IN2P3 , 53, Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France

23. Matteo Maturi

    Heidelberg University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Theoretische Physik , University of Heidelberg , Philosophenweg 16 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany

    Zentrum für Astronomie , Universität Heidelberg , Philosophenweg 12 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany

24. Adam Amara

    University of Surrey

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Mathematics and Physics , University of Surrey , Guild- ford , Surrey GU2 7XH , UK

25. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

26. C. Baccigalupi
27. Marco Baldi
28. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

29. D. Bonino

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio 20 , 10025 Pino Torinese , (TO) , Italy

30. E. Branchini
31. M. Brescia Aachen Department of Physics "E. Pancini"

    Universidade do Porto · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Turin · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy 31 INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy 32 INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy 33 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal 34 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy 35 INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy 36 INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy 37 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tec- nológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain 38 Port d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, (Barcelona), Spain 39 Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany 40 INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078

32. J. Brinchmann
33. S. Camera

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio 20 , 10025 Pino Torinese , (TO) , Italy

34. V. Capobianco

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio 20 , 10025 Pino Torinese , (TO) , Italy

35. C. Carbone
36. J. Carretero
37. Santiago Casas
38. M Castellano
39. S. Cavuoti
40. A. Cimatti
41. C Colodro-Conde
42. G. Congedo
43. Christopher J. Conselice
44. L. Conversi
45. Y. Copin
46. F. Courbin
47. Hélène M. Courtois
48. A da Silva
49. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy , University of Geneva , Ch. d'Ecogia 16 , 1290 Versoix , Switzerland

50. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy

51. J. Dinis
52. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy , University of Geneva , Ch. d'Ecogia 16 , 1290 Versoix , Switzerland

53. X. Dupac
54. Maria Farina
55. S. Farrens

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Cité , CEA , CNRS , AIM , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France

56. S Ferriol
57. M. Frailis

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy

58. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

59. M Fumana
60. Koshy George

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München , Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München , Scheinerstrasse 1 , 81679 München , Germany

61. Bryan R. Gillis
62. A. Grazian
63. F Grupp

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München , Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München , Scheinerstrasse 1 , 81679 München , Germany

64. S. V. H. Haugan
65. W. A. Holmes
66. I. Hook
67. F. Hormuth
68. Allan Hornstrup
69. K. Jahnkę
70. Elina Keihänen
71. Smaïn Kermiche
72. A. Kiessling
73. M. Kilbinger

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Cité , CEA , CNRS , AIM , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France

74. Bogna Kubik
75. M. Kümmel

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München , Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München , Scheinerstrasse 1 , 81679 München , Germany

76. Martin Kunz
77. Hannu Kurki-Suonio
78. S. Ligori

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio 20 , 10025 Pino Torinese , (TO) , Italy

79. Per Barth Lilje
80. V. Lindholm
81. Ivan Lloro
82. Davide Maino
83. E Maiorano

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

84. O. Mansutti

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy

85. O. Marggraf

    University of Bonn

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Bonn , Argelander-Institut für Astronomie , Auf dem Hügel 71 , 53121 Bonn , Germany

86. Katarina Markovic
87. M. Martinelli
88. N. Martinet
89. F. Marulli
90. R Massey
91. S. Maurogordato
92. Eduardo Medinaceli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

93. S. Mei
94. Y. Mellier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris , 98 bis Boulevard Arago , 75014 Paris , France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris , UMR 7095 , CNRS , and Sor- bonne Université , 98 bis boulevard Arago , 75014 Paris , France

95. George L. Meylan
96. M. Moresco

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi " -Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/2 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 , 40129 Bologna , Italy

97. Emiliano Munari

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU , Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2 , 34151 Trieste , Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy

98. Christian Neissner
99. S.-M Niemi
100. James W Nightingale