IPA: Class 0 Protostars Viewed in CO Emission Using JWST
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 974, pp. 112
Abstract
Abstract We investigate the bright CO fundamental emission in the central regions of five protostars in their primary mass assembly phase using new observations from JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph and Mid-Infrared Instrument. CO line emission images and fluxes are extracted for a forest of ∼150 rovibrational transitions from two vibrational bands, v = 1−0 and v = 2−1. However, 13CO is undetected, indicating that 12CO emission is optically thin. We use H2 emission lines to correct fluxes for extinction and then construct rotation diagrams for the CO lines with the highest spectral resolution and sensitivity to estimate rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules. Two distinct rotational temperature components are required for v = 1 (∼600 to 1000 K and 2000 to ∼104 K), while one hotter component is required for v = 2 (≳3500 K). 13CO is depleted compared to the abundances found in the interstellar medium, indicating selective UV photodissociation of 13CO; therefore, UV radiative pumping may explain the higher rotational temperatures in v = 2. The average vibrational temperature is ∼1000 K for our sources and is similar to the lowest rotational temperature components. Using the measured rotational and vibrational temperatures to infer a total number of CO molecules, we find that the total gas masses range from lower limits of ∼1022 g for the lowest mass protostars to ∼1026 g for the highest mass protostars. Our gas mass lower limits are compatible with those in more evolved systems, which suggest the lowest rotational temperature component comes from the inner disk, scattered into our line of sight, but we also cannot exclude the contribution to the CO emission from disk winds for higher mass targets.
Authors 27
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch & Lomb Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; arubinst@ur.rochester.edu
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch & Lomb Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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The University of Texas at Austin
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Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
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Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Rd., Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica
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Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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Leiden University · European Southern Observatory · Leiden Observatory
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European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching, DE, Germany
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
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University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Rd., Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Space Telescope Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch & Lomb Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; arubinst@ur.rochester.edu
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bausch & Lomb Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Baden-Wemberg, DE, Germany
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SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, UK
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Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
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Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, 1085 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre
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United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, GB, UK
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Thuringia, DE, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Baden-Wemberg, DE, Germany
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Space Telescope Science Institute
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Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Gießenbachstra 185748 Garching, DE, Germany
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Affiliation as printed
RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan
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