Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 691, pp. A318

Abstract

Context. Deviations from Gaussianity in the distribution of the fields probed by large-scale structure surveys generate additional terms in the data covariance matrix, increasing the uncertainties in the measurement of the cosmological parameters. Super-sample covariance (SSC) is among the largest of these non-Gaussian contributions, with the potential to significantly degrade constraints on some of the parameters of the cosmological model under study – especially for weak-lensing cosmic shear. Aims. We compute and validate the impact of SSC on the forecast uncertainties on the cosmological parameters for the Euclid photo-metric survey, and investigate how its impact depends on the specific details of the forecast. Methods. We followed the recipes outlined by the Euclid Collaboration (EC) to produce 1σ constraints through a Fisher matrix analysis, considering the Gaussian covariance alone and adding the SSC term, which is computed through the public code PySSC. The constraints are produced both by using Euclid’s photometric probes in isolation and by combining them in the ‘3×2pt’ analysis. Results. We meet EC requirements on the forecasts validation, with an agreement at the 10% level between the mean results of the two pipelines considered, and find the SSC impact to be non-negligible - halving the figure of merit (FoM) of the dark energy parameters (w0, wa) in the 3×2pt case and substantially increasing the uncertainties on Ωm,0,w0, w0, and σ8 for the weak-lensing probe. We find photometric galaxy clustering to be less affected as a consequence of the lower probe response. The relative impact of SSC, while highly dependent on the number and type of nuisance parameters varied in the analysis, does not show significant changes under variations of the redshift binning scheme. Finally, we explore how the use of prior information on the shear and galaxy bias changes the impact of SSC. We find that improving shear bias priors has no significant influence, while galaxy bias must be calibrated to a subpercent level in order to increase the FoM by the large amount needed to achieve the value when SSC is not included.

Authors 86

1. D Sciotti

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

   INFN – Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy

2. Sylvain Gouyou Beauchamps corresponding

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institute of Space Sciences · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

   Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

   Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

3. V. F. Cardone

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

   INFN – Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy

4. S. Camera

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

   INFN – Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

5. Isaac Tutusaus

   University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institute of Space Sciences · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France

   Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

   Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

   Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

6. F. Lacasa

   University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

   Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

7. Alexandre Barreira

   Excellence Cluster Origins · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

   Affiliation as printed

   Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

   Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany

8. Marco Bonici

   National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

9. Adélie Gorce

   Trottier Space Institute at McGill · McGill University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics and Trottier Space Institute, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

10. Marie Pierre Aubert

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Clermont Auvergne · Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont Auvergne · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne 69100, France

    Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France

11. Philippe Baratta

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

12. Robin E Upham

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

13. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany

14. S. Ilić

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Université Paris-Saclay · Centre National d'Études Spatiales · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France

15. M. Martinelli

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

    INFN – Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy

16. Z. Sakr

    University of Copenhagen · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Saint Joseph University · Heidelberg University · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France

    Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon

    Københavns Universitet, Faculty of Science, Niels Bohr Institute, The Cosmic Dawn Center, DK

17. Aurel Schneider

    University of Zurich

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland

18. Roberto Maoli

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Sapienza University of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

19. R. Scaramella

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

    INFN – Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy

20. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

21. William Gillard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

22. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

23. Adam Amara

    University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

24. Stefano Andreon

    Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy

25. N. Auricchio

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

26. C. Baccigalupi

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy

    SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy

27. Marco Baldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN – Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

28. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

29. Francis Bernardeau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Institut de Physique Théorique

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

30. E. Branchini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy

    INFN – Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy

31. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

32. J. Brinchmann

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal

33. J. Carretero

    Institute for High Energy Physics · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

34. Francisco Javier Castander

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

35. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

36. S. Cavuoti

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

    INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

37. A. Cimatti

    University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

38. R. Clédassou

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cédex 16, France

39. Christopher J. Conselice

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

40. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy

41. Y. Copin

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne 69100, France

42. L. Corcione

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

43. F. Courbin

    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

44. Hélène M. Courtois

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

45. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

46. A da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

47. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

48. G. De Lucia

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

49. J. Dinis

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

50. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

51. X. Dupac

    European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

52. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN – Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

53. Maria Farina

    Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy

54. S. Farrens

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

55. P. Fosalba

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

56. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

57. M. Fumana

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

58. Samuele Galeotta

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

59. B. Garilli

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

60. Gillis B

    Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

61. F Grupp

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

62. L. Guzzo

    University of Milan · Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy

63. S. V. H. Haugan

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

64. W. Holmes

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

65. I. Hook

    Lancaster University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK

66. F. Hormuth

    von Hoerner & Sulger (Germany)

    Affiliation as printed

    von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, Schlossplatz 8, 68723 Schwetzingen, Germany

67. Allan Hornstrup

    Technical University of Denmark

    Affiliation as printed

    Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark

    Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

68. Patrick Hudelot

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

69. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

70. Benjamin Joachimi

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

71. Elina Keihänen

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

72. Smaïn Kermiche

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

73. A. Kiessling

    University of Copenhagen · Jet Propulsion Laboratory · Technical University of Denmark

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

    Københavns Universitet, Faculty of Science, Niels Bohr Institute, The Cosmic Dawn Center, DK

    Technical University of Denmark, Department of Space Research and Technology, DK

74. Martin Kunz

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

75. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

76. Ivan Lloro

    Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

77. Gabriele Mainetti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France

78. O. Mansutti

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

79. O. Marggraf

    University of Bonn

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany

80. Katarina Markovic

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

81. N. Martinet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France

82. R. Massey

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK

83. Eduardo Medinaceli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

84. S. Mei

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France

85. Y. Mellier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers

    Affiliation as printed

    CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

86. Massimo Meneghetti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN – Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy