Impact of compression forces on different mesenchymal stem cell types regarding orthodontic indication

Stem Cells Translational Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 1028–1039

Abstract

The potential of stem cells, for example upper periodontal ligament stem cells from the maxilla (u-PDLSC) and from the mandible (l-PDLSC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), with respect to periodontal remodeling and orthodontic treatment is of great importance. In this work, we focus on the comprehensive adaptability of different stem cell types to mechanical forces with the aim to better understanding cell behavior and to refine a new mechanistic approach to investigate periodontal remodeling. We comprehensively analyze stem cells and observe distinct morphological and proliferation changes under compression in dependence on stem cell type. The cell signaling of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B, also called AKT, and their respective phosphorylation shows diverse responses to compression. Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor secretion were reduced under mechanical stress in all cell types, with cell-specific variations. Osteoprotegerin secretion was reduced under compression, particularly in u-PDLSC. At least, diverse soluble receptors of NF-kB-ligand secretion patterns among cell types under pressure were observed, providing crucial insights into bone metabolism. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimuli, highlighting their roles in bone remodeling, wound healing, and tissue regeneration in orthodontic and regenerative medicine contexts. Our results underscore the potential of u-PDLSC, l-PDLSC, and AD-MSC in periodontal regeneration, with AD-MSC showing notable resilience under compression, indicating its promising role for further investigation for orthodontic research. While these findings are encouraging, further research is essential to fully comprehend the mechanism of stem cell-based periodontal therapies.

Authors 6

1. Chloé Radermacher corresponding Aachen Biointerface Laboratory

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   University Hospital RWTH Aachen Department of Orthodontics, , 52074 Aachen ,

   University Hospital RWTH Aachen Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, , 52074 Aachen ,

   Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany

2. Rogerio Bastos Craveiro Aachen Department of Orthodontics

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

3. Justus P. Beier Aachen Department for Plastic Surgery Burn Surgery

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

   Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany

4. Astrid Bülow Aachen Department for Plastic Surgery Burn Surgery

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

   Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany

5. Michael F. Wolf Aachen Department of Orthodontics

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

6. Sabine Neuß Aachen Biointerface Laboratory Institute of Pathology

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

   Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , 52074 Aachen ,

   Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany

   Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany