Common Ground Provides a Mental Shortcut in Agent-Agent Interaction

Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications

Abstract

With the growing integration of chatbots, automated writing tools, game AI and similar applications into human society, there is a clear demand for artificially intelligent systems that can successfully collaborate with human partners. This requires overcoming not only physical and communicative barriers, but also those of fundamental understanding: Machines do not see and understand the world in the same way as humans do. We introduce the concept of ‘Common Ground’ (CG) as a possible solution. Using a model inspired on a collaborative card game known as ‘The Game’, we study agents that are instantiated to use different strategies, i.e., they each ‘see’ the model world in a different way. Agents work towards a joint goal that is easy to understand but complex to attain, requiring them to constantly anticipate their partner, which is classically seen as a task requiring active perspective modelling using a form of Theory of Mind. We show that agents achieving Common Ground increase their joint performance, while the need to actively model each other decreases. We discuss the implications of this finding for interaction between computational agents and humans, and suggest future extensions of our model to study the benefits of CG in hybrid human-agent settings.

Authors 3

1. Ramira van der Meulen corresponding Aachen Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University

2. Rineke Verbrugge

   University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen

3. Max J. van Duijn Aachen Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University