Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 531, pp. 2168–2189
Abstract
ABSTRACT The time variability and spectra of directly imaged companions provide insight into their physical properties and atmospheric dynamics. We present follow-up R ∼ 40 spectrophotometric monitoring of red companion HD 1160 B at 2.8–4.2 μm using the double-grating 360° vector Apodizing Phase Plate (dgvAPP360) coronagraph and ALES integral field spectrograph on the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer. We use the recently developed technique of gvAPP-enabled differential spectrophotometry to produce differential light curves for HD 1160 B. We reproduce the previously reported ∼3.2 h periodic variability in archival data, but detect no periodic variability in new observations taken the following night with a similar 3.5 per cent level precision, suggesting rapid evolution in the variability of HD 1160 B. We also extract complementary spectra of HD 1160 B for each night. The two are mostly consistent, but the companion appears fainter on the second night between 3.0–3.2 μm. Fitting models to these spectra produces different values for physical properties depending on the night considered. We find an effective temperature Teff = $2794^{+115}_{-133}$ K on the first night, consistent with the literature, but a cooler Teff = $2279^{+79}_{-157}$ K on the next. We estimate the mass of HD 1160 B to be 16–81 MJup, depending on its age. We also present R = 50 000 high-resolution optical spectroscopy of host star HD 1160 A obtained simultaneously with the PEPSI spectrograph. We reclassify its spectral type to A1 IV-V and measure its projected rotational velocity $\upsilon \sin i$ = $96^{+6}_{-4}$ km s−1. We thus highlight that gvAPP-enabled differential spectrophotometry can achieve repeatable few per cent level precision and does not yet reach a systematic noise floor, suggesting greater precision is achievable with additional data or advanced detrending techniques.
Authors 17
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Leiden University · Royal Observatory · Scottish Universities Physics Alliance · Leiden Observatory · University of Amsterdam · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherlands
Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK
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Affiliation as printed
Astrophysics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH , UK
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Naval Research Laboratory Remote Sensing Division
Affiliation as printed
Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division , 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375 , USA
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Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherlands
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University of Amsterdam · KU Leuven
Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherlands
Institute of Astrophysics, Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Niels Bohrweg 4, NL-2333 CA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 , USA
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Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
Affiliation as printed
Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam , Germany
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University of California, Santa Cruz
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 , USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
Affiliation as printed
Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam , Germany
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA
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Royal Observatory · Scottish Universities Physics Alliance · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK
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