The GRAVITY young stellar object survey

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 682, pp. A165

Abstract

Aims. We aim to investigate the origin of the HI Brγ emission in young stars by using GRAVITY to image the innermost region of circumstellar disks, where important physical processes such as accretion and winds occur. With high spectral and angular resolution, we focus on studying the continuum and the HI Brγ-emitting area of the Herbig star HD 58647. Methods. Using VLTI-GRAVITY, we conducted observations of HD 58647 with both high spectral and high angular resolution. Thanks to the extensive uv coverage, we were able to obtain detailed images of the circumstellar environment at a sub-au scale, specifically capturing the continuum and the Brγ-emitting region. Through the analysis of velocity-dispersed images and photocentre shifts, we were able to investigate the kinematics of the HI Brγ-emitting region. Results. The recovered continuum images show extended emission where the disk major axis is oriented along a position angle of 14°. The size of the continuum emission at 5-σ levels is ~1.5 times more extended than the sizes reported from geometrical fitting (3.69 mas ± 0.02 mas). This result supports the existence of dust particles close to the stellar surface, screened from the stellar radiation by an optically thick gaseous disk. Moreover, for the first time with GRAVITY, the hot gas component of HD 58647 traced by the Brγ has been imaged. This allowed us to constrain the size of the Brγ-emitting region and study the kinematics of the hot gas; we find its velocity field to be roughly consistent with gas that obeys Keplerian motion. The velocity-dispersed images show that the size of the hot gas emission is from a more compact region than the continuum (2.3 mas ± 0.2 mas). Finally, the line phases show that the emission is not entirely consistent with Keplerian rotation, hinting at a more complex structure in the hot gaseous disk.

Authors 47

1. Y.-I. Bouarour

   University College Dublin

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland

2. R. García López

   University College Dublin · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

   School of Physics , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland

3. J. Sánchez-Bermúdez

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Astronomía , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Apdo. Postal 70264 , Ciudad de México , 04510 , Mexico

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

4. A. Caratti o Garatti

   Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte , via Moiariello 16 , 80131 Napoli , Italy

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

5. K. Perraut

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

6. N. Aimar

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

   Affiliation as printed

   LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

7. A. Amorim

   University of Lisbon · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

   Affiliation as printed

   CENTRA , Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação , Instituto Superior Técnico , Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 , 1049 Lisboa , Portugal

   Universidade de Lisboa -Faculdade de Ciências , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

8. Jean-Philippe Berger

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

9. Guillaume G. Bourdarot

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

10. W. Brandner

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

11. Y. Clénet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

12. P. T. de Zeeuw Aachen

    Leiden University

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden University , 2311 EZ Leiden , The Netherlands

13. Catherine Dougados

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

14. Antonia Drescher

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

15. A. Eckart

    University of Cologne · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Str. 77 , 50937 , Köln , Germany

    Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy , Auf dem Hügel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany

16. F. Eisenhauer

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

17. Mario Flock

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

18. Paulo J V Garcia

    Universidade do Porto · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

    Affiliation as printed

    CENTRA , Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação , Instituto Superior Técnico , Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 , 1049 Lisboa , Portugal

    Faculdade de Engenharia , Universidade do Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias , 4200-465 Porto , Portugal

19. Eric Gendron

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

20. R. Genzel

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

21. S. Gillessen

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

22. S. Grant

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

23. G. Heißel

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · European Space Agency · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Advanced Concepts Team , European Space Agency , TEC-SF , ESTEC , Keplerlaan 1 , 2201 AZ Noordwijk , The Netherlands

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

24. Thomas K. Henning
25. L. Jocou

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

26. P. Kervella

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

27. Lucas Labadie

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Str. 77 , 50937 , Köln , Germany

28. S. Lacour

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

29. V. Lapeyrère

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

30. J.-B. Le Bouquin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

31. Pierre J. Lena

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

32. Hendrik Linz

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany

33. Dieter Lutz

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

34. F. Mang

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

35. H. Nowacki

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

36. Guy S. Perrin

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

37. T. Paumard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France

38. Jaime E. Pineda

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

39. D. C. Ribeiro

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

40. Matteo Sadun Bordoni

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

41. J. Shangguan

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

42. Thomas Shimizu

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

43. A. Soulain

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble-Alpes , CNRS , IPAG , 38000 Grenoble , France

44. C. Straubmeier

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Str. 77 , 50937 , Köln , Germany

45. E. Sturm

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

46. L. Tacconi

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse , 85741 Garching bei München , Germany

47. Frederic H. Vincent

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA , Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL , CNRS , Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , 5 place Jules Janssen , 92195 Meudon , France