The GRAVITY young stellar object survey

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 684, pp. A43

Abstract

Context . The region of protoplanetary disks closest to a star (within 1–2 au) is shaped by a number of different processes, from accretion of the disk material onto the central star to ejection in the form of winds and jets. Optical and near-IR emission lines are potentially good tracers of inner disk processes if very high spatial and/or spectral resolution are achieved. Aims . In this paper, we exploit the capabilities of the VLTI-GRAVITY near-IR interferometer to determine the location and kinematics of the hydrogen emission line Br γ . Methods . We present VLTI-GRAVITY observations of the Br γ line for a sample of 26 stars of intermediate mass (HAEBE), the largest sample so far analysed with near-IR interferometry. Results . The Br γ line was detected in 17 objects. The emission is very compact (in most cases only marginally resolved), with a size of 10–30 R * (1–5 mas). About half of the total flux comes from even smaller regions, which are unresolved in our data. For eight objects, it was possible to determine the position angle (PA) of the line-emitting region, which is generally in agreement with that of the inner-dusty disk emitting the K -band continuum. The position-velocity pattern of the Br γ line-emitting region of the sampled objects is roughly consistent with Keplerian rotation. The exception is HD 45677, which shows more extended emission and more complex kinematics. The most likely scenario for the Br γ origin is that the emission comes from an MHD wind launched very close to the central star, in a region well within the dust sublimation radius. An origin in the bound gas layer at the disk surface cannot be ruled out, while accreting matter provides only a minor fraction of the total flux. Conclusions . These results show the potential of near-IR spectro-interferometry to study line emission in young stellar objects.

Authors 46

1. R. García López

   University College Dublin · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   MPIA - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg - Germany)

   UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin] (Belfield, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

2. Antonella Natta

   Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies

   Affiliation as printed

   DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

3. R. Fedriani

   University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Chalmers University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden] (SE-412 96 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN - Sweden)

   DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

   School of Physics [UCD Dublin] (UCD O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

4. A. Caratti o Garatti

   Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

   OAC - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 - Napoli - Italy)

5. J. Sánchez-Bermúdez

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   MPIA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg - Germany)

6. K. Perraut

   Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

   Affiliation as printed

   IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

7. Catherine Dougados

   Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

   Affiliation as printed

   IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

8. Y.-I. Bouarour

   University College Dublin

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin

9. Jérôme Bouvier

   Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

   Affiliation as printed

   IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

10. W. Brandner

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    MPIA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg - Germany)

11. Paulo J V Garcia

    Universidade do Porto · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

    Affiliation as printed

    CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação [Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa] = Center for Astrophysics and Gravitation [Lisbon] (Instituto Superior Técnico Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 P-1049 Lisboa - Portugal)

    Universidade do Porto = University of Porto (Praça de Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto - Portugal)

12. M. Koutoulaki

    University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · European Southern Observatory · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    DIAS - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

    ESO - European Southern Observatory (Karl-Schwarzchild Str. 2 D-85748 Garching bei München - Germany)

    MPIA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg - Germany)

    School of Physics [UCD Dublin] (UCD O'Brien Centre for Science, Belfield, Dublin 4 - Ireland)

13. Lucas Labadie

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne (Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Köln - Germany)

14. H. Linz

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    MPIA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg - Germany)

15. E. Alécian

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

16. M. Benisty

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

17. Jean-Philippe Berger

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

18. Guillaume G. Bourdarot

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    MPE - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Germany)

19. P. Caselli

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    MPE - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Germany)

20. Y. Clénet

    Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (5, place Jules Janssen 92190 MEUDON - France)

21. P. T. de Zeeuw Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

22. R. Davies

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

23. Andreas Eckart

    University of Cologne · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

    Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany

24. F. Eisenhauer

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

25. Eric Gendron

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

26. S. Gillessen

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

27. Sierra L. Grant

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

28. Thomas K. Henning

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

29. P. Kervella

    Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (5, place Jules Janssen 92190 MEUDON - France)

    Observatoire de Paris (61 Av de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS - France)

30. S. Lacour

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

31. V. Lapeyrère

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

32. J.-B. Le Bouquin

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

33. Dieter Lutz

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

34. F. Mang

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

35. H. Nowacki

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

36. Guy S. Perrin

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

37. T. Paumard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

38. J. Shangguan

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

39. Thomas Shimizu

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

40. A. Soulain

    Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble

    Affiliation as printed

    IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)

41. C. Straubmeier

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

42. E. Sturm

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

43. L. Tacconi

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

44. Ewine F. van Dishoeck Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

45. Frederic H. Vincent

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

46. F. Widmann

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbach-strasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany