E-TEST: a compact low-frequency isolator for a large cryogenic mirror
Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 40, pp. 165002
Abstract
Abstract To achieve the expected level of sensitivity of third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, more accurate and sensitive instruments than those of the second generation must be used to reduce all sources of noises. Amongst them, one of the most relevant is seismic noise, which will require the development of a better isolation system, especially at low frequencies (below 10 Hz), the operation of large cryogenic silicon mirrors, and the improvement of optical wavelength readouts. In this framework, this article presents the activities of the E-TEST (Einstein Telescope Euregio Meuse-Rhine Site & Technology) to develop and test new key technologies for the next generation of GW observatories. A compact isolator system for a large silicon mirror (100 kg) at low frequency ( < 10 Hz) is proposed. The design of the isolator allows the overall height of the isolation system to be significantly compact and also suppresses seismic noise at low frequencies. To minimize the effect of thermal noise, the isolation system is provided with a 100 kg silicon mirror which is suspended in a vacuum chamber at cryogenic temperature (25–40 K). To achieve this temperature without inducing vibrations to the mirror, a radiation-based cooling strategy is employed. In addition, cryogenic sensors and electronics are being developed as part of the E-TEST to detect vibrational motion in the penultimate cryogenic stage. Since the commonly used silicon material is not transparent below the wavelengths typically used in the 1µm range for GW detectors, new optical components and lasers must be developed in the range above 1500 nm to reduce absorption and scattering losses. Therefore, solid-state and fiber lasers with a wavelength of 2090 nm, matching high-efficiency photodiodes, and low-noise crystalline coatings are being developed. Accordingly, the key technologies provided by E-TEST serve crucially to reduce the limitations of the current generation of GW observatories and to determine the technical design for the next generation.
Authors 40
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Ameer Sider corresponding
Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory,, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory), Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
UCLouvain, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant, 1348, BELGIUM
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstraße 15, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Affiliation as printed
Nationaal Instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098XG, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
UCLouvain, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant, 1348, BELGIUM
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Pelin Cebeci Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, University of Liege, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Johannes Ebert Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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Benjamin Erben Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, KULeuven, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
UCLouvain, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Walloon Brabant, 1348, BELGIUM
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Martin Giesberts Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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Thomas Hebbeker Aachen
Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52056, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
CP3, UCLouvain, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
Maastricht University, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, 6200 MD, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
Maastricht University, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, 6200 MD, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
Maastricht University, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, NL 6200, NETHERLANDS
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M. Hoefer Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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H.-D. Hoffmann Aachen Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT)
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Centre Spatial de Liège, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Robert Joppe Aachen
Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52056, GERMANY
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Tim J. Kuhlbusch Aachen
Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52056, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Centre Spatial de Liège, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculteit Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculteit Wetenschappen, Leuven, 3000, BELGIUM
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University of Liège · Delft University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Delft University of Technology, Centre Spatial de Liège, University of Liège, Avenue du Pré Aily, 4031 Angleur, Belgium, Delft, Zuid-Holland, 2600 AA, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Centre Spatial de Liège, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Lasertechnik, Steinbachstrasse 15, D-52074 Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, DE 52074, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Materials Research, University of Hasselt, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, 3500, BELGIUM
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A. Stahl Aachen
Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52056, GERMANY
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Affiliation as printed
Maastricht University, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
Maastricht University, UMaastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, 6200 MD, NETHERLANDS
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Affiliation as printed
KU Leuven, KULeuven, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
University of Liege, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
Liege University, Centre Spatial de Liège, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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Affiliation as printed
Liege University, Precision Mechatronics Laboratory, Liege, 4000, BELGIUM
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