The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields data release 1. V. Survey description, source classifications, and host galaxy properties
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 523, pp. 1729–1755
Abstract
ABSTRACT Source classifications, stellar masses, and star-formation rates are presented for ≈80 000 radio sources from the first data release of the Low Frequency Array Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Deep Fields, which represents the widest deep radio survey ever undertaken. Using deep multi-wavelength data spanning from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared, spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is carried out for all of the LoTSS Deep host galaxies using four different SED codes, two of which include modelling of the contributions from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Comparing the results of the four codes, galaxies that host a radiative AGN are identified, and an optimized consensus estimate of the stellar mass and star-formation rate for each galaxy is derived. Those galaxies with an excess of radio emission over that expected from star formation are then identified, and the LoTSS Deep sources are divided into four classes: star-forming galaxies, radio-quiet AGN, and radio-loud high-excitation and low-excitation AGN. Ninety-five per cent of the sources can be reliably classified, of which more than two-thirds are star-forming galaxies, ranging from normal galaxies in the nearby Universe to highly-starbursting systems at z > 4. Star-forming galaxies become the dominant population below 150-MHz flux densities of ≈1 mJy, accounting for 90 per cent of sources at S150MHz ∼ 100 μJy. Radio-quiet AGN comprise ≈10 per cent of the overall population. Results are compared against the predictions of the SKADS and T-RECS radio sky simulations, and improvements to the simulations are suggested.
Authors 27
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P. N. Best corresponding
Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Leiden University · SKA Observatory · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank , Lower Withington, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK11 9FT, UK
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · National Centre for Nuclear Research
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille University , CNRS, CNES, LAM, 13015 Marseille, France
National Centre for Nuclear Research , Pasteura 7, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex , Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics, and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy
Italian ALMA Regional Centre , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Affiliation as printed
CSIRO Space and Astronomy , ANTF, PO Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Thüringer State Observatory , Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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University of Oxford · University of the Western Cape
Affiliation as printed
Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape , Robert Sobukwe Road, 7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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University of Maragheh · Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragh
Affiliation as printed
Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM) , University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Royal Observatory · UK Astronomy Technology Centre · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA, Dwingeloo, the Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Rhodes University · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation · Université Paris Diderot
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Electronics, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Universite Paris Diderot , 5 place Jules Janssen,F-92190 Meudon, France
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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