High resolution mass spectrometric suspect screening, wide-scope target analysis of emerging contaminants and determination of legacy pollutants in adult black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa limosa in the Netherlands – A pilot study
Chemosphere, vol. 321, pp. 138145
Abstract
The Dutch breeding population of the black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa limosa has declined substantially over recent decades; the role of contaminants is unknown. We analysed liver samples from 11 adult birds found dead on their breeding grounds in SW Friesland 2016–2020, six from extensive, herb-rich grasslands, five from intensive grasslands. We carried out LC and GC wide-scope target analysis of more than 2400 substances, LC suspect screening for more than 60,000 substances, target analysis for Cd, Hg, Ni and Pb, organo-phosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), dechlorane plus compounds and selected polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs), and bioassay for polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/PDBFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). Residues of 29 emerging contaminants (ECs) were determined through wide-scope target analysis. Another 20 were tentatively identified through suspect screening. These contaminants include industrial chemicals (personal care products, surfactants, PAHs and others), plant protection products (PPPs) and pharmaceuticals and their transformation products. Total contaminant load detected by wide-scope target analysis ranged from c. 155 to c. 1400 ng g−1 and was generally lower in birds from extensive grasslands. Heatmaps suggest that birds from intensive grasslands have a greater mix and higher residue concentrations of PPPs, while birds from extensive grasslands have a greater mix and higher residue concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). All four metals and two OPFRs were detected. All tested PBDEs were below the respective LODs. Bioassay revealed presence of PBDDs, PBDFs and dl-PCBs. Further research is required to elucidate potential health risks to godwits and contaminant sources.
Authors 17
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Affiliation as printed
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: paola.movalli@naturalis.nl
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Environmental Institute
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece; Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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Affiliation as printed
Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Science (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Knowledge Infrastructures Department, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wageningen University & Research
Affiliation as printed
Wageningen University, Division of Toxicology, Box 8000, NL6700 EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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University of Groningen · Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Affiliation as printed
Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Science (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, the Netherlands; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Science (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, the Netherlands
NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
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