Microspheres as a Carrier System for Therapeutic Embolization Procedures: Achievements and Advances
Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 918
Abstract
The targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs and isotopes is one of the most pursued goals in anti-cancer therapy. One of the prime examples of such an application is the intra-arterial injection of microspheres containing cytostatic drugs or radioisotopes during hepatic embolization procedures. Therapy based on the application of microspheres revolves around vascular occlusion, complemented with local therapy in the form of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE). The broadest implementation of these embolization strategies currently lies within the treatment of untreatable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and metastatic colorectal cancer. This review aims to describe the state-of-the-art TACE and TARE technologies investigated in the clinical setting for HCC and addresses current trials and new developments. In addition, chemical properties and advancements in microsphere carrier systems are evaluated, and possible improvements in embolization therapy based on the modification of and functionalization with therapeutical loads are explored.
Authors 7
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Mick M. Welling Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nikolas Duszenko Aachen Departments of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Departments of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Maarten P. van Meerbeek Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tom J.M. Molenaar Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center Radiochemistry Facility
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
Radiochemistry Facility, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tessa Buckle Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Daphne D. D. Rietbergen corresponding Aachen Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center Section of Nuclear Medicine
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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