Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 671, pp. A101

Abstract

The European Space Agency's Euclid mission will provide high-quality imaging for about 1.5 billion galaxies. A software pipeline to automatically process and analyse such a huge amount of data in real time is being developed by the Science Ground Segment of the Euclid Consortium; this pipeline will include a model-fitting algorithm, which will provide photometric and morphological estimates of paramount importance for the core science goals of the mission and for legacy science. The Euclid Morphology Challenge is a comparative investigation of the performance of five model-fitting software packages on simulated Euclid data, aimed at providing the baseline to identify the best-suited algorithm to be implemented in the pipeline. In this paper we describe the simulated dataset, and we discuss the photometry results. A companion paper is focussed on the structural and morphological estimates. We created mock Euclid images simulating five fields of view of 0.48 deg2 each in the IE band of the VIS instrument, containing a total of about one and a half million galaxies (of which 350 000 have a nominal signal-to-noise ratio above 5), each with three realisations of galaxy profiles (single and double Sérsic, and 'realistic' profiles obtained with a neural network); for one of the fields in the double Sérsic realisation, we also simulated images for the three near-infrared YE, JE, and HE bands of the NISP-P instrument, and five Rubin/LSST optical complementary bands (u, g, r, i, and z), which together form a typical dataset for an Euclid observation. The images were simulated at the expected Euclid Wide Survey depths. To analyse the results, we created diagnostic plots and defined metrics to take into account the completeness of the provided catalogues, as well as the median biases, dispersions, and outlier fractions of their measured flux distributions. Five model-fitting software packages (DeepLeGATo, Galapagos-2, Morfometryka, ProFit, and SourceXtractor++) were compared, all typically providing good results. Of the differences among them, some were at least partly due to the distinct strategies adopted to perform the measurements. In the best-case scenario, the median bias of the measured fluxes in the analytical profile realisations is below 1% at a signal-to-noise ratio above 5 in IE, and above 10 in all the other bands; the dispersion of the distribution is typically comparable to the theoretically expected one, with a small fraction of catastrophic outliers. However, we can expect that real observations will prove to be more demanding, since the results were found to be less accurate for the most realistic realisation. We conclude that existing model-fitting software can provide accurate photometric measurements on Euclid datasets. The results of the challenge are fully available and reproducible through an online plotting tool.

Authors 100

1. E. Merlin

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

2. M. Castellano

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

3. H. Bretonnière

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

   Affiliation as printed

   Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France

   Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

4. Ulrike Kuchner

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Nottingham · Universidad de La Laguna · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

   Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

   Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)

   Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

   Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France

   Université Paris-Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France

5. D. Tuccillo

   University of Nottingham · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain

   School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

6. F. Buitrago

   Universidad de Valladolid · University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

   Affiliation as printed

   Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain

   Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal

   Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain

7. J. R. Peterson

   Universidad de Valladolid · University of Lisbon · Purdue University West Lafayette · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

   Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain

   Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal

8. Christopher J. Conselice

   Purdue University West Lafayette · University of Manchester

   Affiliation as printed

   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

9. F Caro

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · University of Manchester · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

10. Paola Dimauro

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

11. L. Nemani

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

12. A. Fontana

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

13. M. Kümmel

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy

14. Boris Häußler

    European Southern Observatory · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

15. Will G. Hartley

    University of Geneva · European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

16. Alejandro Álvarez Ayllón

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

17. E. Bertin

    University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope

    Affiliation as printed

    Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

18. P. Dubath

    University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

19. Fabrício Ferrari

    University of Geneva · Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

20. Leonardo Ferreira

    Universidade Federal do Rio Grande · University of Nottingham

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

    Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

21. R. Gavazzi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Nottingham · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

22. D. Hernández-Lang

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

    Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

23. G. Lucatelli

    University of Manchester · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

24. Aaron S G Robotham

    The University of Western Australia · University of Manchester · International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research

    Affiliation as printed

    ICRAR, M468, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

25. M. Schefer

    University of Geneva · The University of Western Australia · International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    ICRAR, M468, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

26. C. Tortora

    University of Geneva · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

27. N. Aghanim

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

28. Adam Amara

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

29. L. Amendola

    Heidelberg University · University of Portsmouth

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

30. N. Auricchio

    Heidelberg University · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

31. Marco Baldi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

32. Ralf Bender

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

33. Christof T. Bodendorf

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

34. E. Branchini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · University of Genoa

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

35. M. Brescia

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre · University of Naples Federico II · University of Genoa

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy

36. S. Camera

    Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · University of Naples Federico II

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

    Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

37. V. Capobianco

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

38. C. Carbone

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

39. J. Carretero

    Institute for High Energy Physics · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Port d'Informació Científica · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

    Port d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

40. Francisco Javier Castander

    Institute of Space Sciences · Institute for High Energy Physics · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2–4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

    Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

    Port d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

41. S. Cavuoti

    Institute of Space Sciences · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

    INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2–4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

42. A. Cimatti

    Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universitá di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

    Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy

    INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy

43. R. Clédassou

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales · Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France

    Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cédex 16, France

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universitá di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy

44. G. Congedo

    Centre National d'Études Spatiales · Royal Observatory · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

    Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France

    Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cédex 16, France

45. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Royal Observatory · European Space Research Institute · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

46. Y. Copin

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · European Space Research Institute · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy

47. L. Corcione

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

48. F. Courbin

    Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

49. Mark S. Cropper

    University College London · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

50. A. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

51. Hubert Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva · University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

52. J. Dinis

    University of Geneva · University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

53. Marian Douspis

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Lisbon · Université Paris-Saclay · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

54. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France

55. C. A. J. Duncan

    University of Geneva · University of Manchester · University of Oxford

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

56. X. Dupac

    University of Manchester · University of Oxford · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

57. S. Dusini

    European Space Astronomy Centre · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

58. S. Farrens

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · CEA Paris-Saclay

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Cité, CEA, CNRS, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

59. S Ferriol

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Cité, CEA, CNRS, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

60. M. Frailis

    Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

    Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

61. Enrico Franceschi

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

62. P. Franzetti

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

63. Samuele Galeotta

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

64. B. Garilli

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

65. Bryan R. Gillis

    Royal Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

    INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

66. C. Giocoli

    Royal Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Edinburgh

    Affiliation as printed

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (OAS), Via Gobetti 93/3, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

67. A. Grazian

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (OAS), Via Gobetti 93/3, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy

68. Frank U. Grupp

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

69. S. V. H. Haugan

    University of Oslo · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany

70. Henk Hoekstra Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · University of Oslo · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

71. W. A. Holmes Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Jet Propulsion Laboratory · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

72. F. Hormuth

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory · von Hoerner & Sulger (Germany)

    Affiliation as printed

    von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, SchloßPlatz 8, 68723 Schwetzingen, Germany

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

73. Allan Hornstrup

    von Hoerner & Sulger (Germany) · Technical University of Denmark

    Affiliation as printed

    Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, SchloßPlatz 8, 68723 Schwetzingen, Germany

74. Patrick Hudelot

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Technical University of Denmark

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

75. K. Jahnkę

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

76. Smaïn Kermiche

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

77. A. Kiessling

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Jet Propulsion Laboratory · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

    Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

78. T. Kitching

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory · University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

79. R. Kohley

    European Space Astronomy Centre · University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

80. Martin Kunz

    University of Geneva · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

    ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

81. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    University of Geneva · University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

    Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

82. S. Ligori

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

    Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

83. Per Barth Lilje

    University of Oslo · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

84. Ivan Lloro

    University of Oslo · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway

85. O. Mansutti

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

    NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

86. O. Marggraf

    University of Bonn · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

87. Katarina Markovic

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory · University of Bonn

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

    Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany

88. F. Marulli

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

89. R. Massey

    Durham University · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

90. Henry Joy McCracken

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Durham University · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

91. Eduardo Medinaceli

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

92. M. Melchior

    FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

93. Massimo Meneghetti

    FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

    University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland

94. George L. Meylan

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

95. M. Moresco

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

96. Lauro Moscardini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

97. Emiliano Munari

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

98. S.-M Niemi

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory · European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy

99. C. Padilla Aranda

    Institute for High Energy Physics · European Space Agency · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

    European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

100. S. Paltani

     University of Geneva · Institute for High Energy Physics · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology

     Affiliation as printed

     Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

     Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain