Euclid preparation
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 713, pp. A257
Abstract
The evolution of galaxies is profoundly influenced by the environment they reside in. Cosmic voids, the most underdense regions of the Universe, serve as pristine laboratories for studying galaxy evolution in the relative absence or weaker influence of the complex physical processes that dominate denser environments. We investigate the properties and merger histories of galaxies as a function of environment using the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) mock-observation light cone, which replicates the Euclid Deep Survey as foreseen at the epoch of the first data release. The H α -selected galaxy sample spans the redshift range 0.4 < z < 1.8, corresponding to the interval over which H α is accessible to Euclid slitless spectroscopy. We classified galaxies based on their void-centric distance and local density contrast. We compared their stellar masses, specific star formation rates, bulge-to-total stellar mass ratios, and halo masses across different environments, while controlling for the dependence on stellar mass of the other intrinsic properties. We further analysed the merger histories of these galaxies to study their assembly evolution. We find that galaxies located closer to void centres ( d cc ≲ 0.7 R v ) are generally less massive, more actively star-forming, and more disc-dominated than galaxies in denser regions, with their distributions statistically distinct at more than 4 σ confidence according to Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Merger histories indicate that void galaxies do not experience fewer mergers but that these occur later, leading to stellar mass assembly delayed by approximately 0.5–1 Gyr relative to galaxies in high-density regions. This supports a scenario in which the environment regulates the timing and nature of mergers rather than their overall frequency, producing a slower evolutionary path in low-density regions. We conclude by discussing the extent to which these trends are shaped by environmental parametrisation methods and observational selection effects. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting forthcoming Euclid data and demonstrates that Euclid will enable the identification of cosmic voids and characterisations of their galaxy populations with an unprecedented statistical power and redshift coverage, providing a quantitative forecast of Euclid ’s capability to probe environmental effects on galaxy evolution.
Authors 100
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
Affiliation as printed
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille · Centrale Lille Institut
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur · University of the Western Cape · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange
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Affiliation as printed
Tianjin Normal University
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · University of Milano-Bicocca · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · University of Milano-Bicocca · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Clermont Auvergne · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia
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Konkoly Observatory · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence
MTA-CSFK Lendület Large-Scale Structure Research Group
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
Caltech/IPAC
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
INFN-Sezione di Torino
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
INFN-Sezione di Roma
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB
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Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR), Linder Höhe
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
European Space Agency/ESRIN
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
Affiliation as printed
INFN-Padova
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Bologna
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-IASF Milano
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
Technical University of Denmark
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Affiliation as printed
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics
Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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