Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)
Abstract
Abstract The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy, and, as such, it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and space-born instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA’s first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed; ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or interme-diate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help making progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with upcoming studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe.
Authors 100
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Universitat Politècnica de València · Lanzhou University
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Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics, Universita’ Politecnica of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Institute of Multidisciplinary Mathematics, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Research Center of Gravitation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing, China
Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics, Universita' Politecnica of Valencia, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Research Center of Gravitation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation as printed
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Evanston, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
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Astronomisches Rechen Institut (University of Heidelberg), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy, and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy, and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
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IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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University of Bucharest · Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary
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Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
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Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Department of Physics, University of Florida, PO Box 118440, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8440, USA
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Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland
Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
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The Graduate Center, CUNY · American Museum of Natural History · Queensborough Community College, CUNY
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American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
CUNY - Queensborough Community College, Queens, USA
CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA
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Northwestern University · Scottish Universities Physics Alliance · University of Glasgow
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Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Evanston, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
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Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Department of Physics, University of Florida, PO Box 118440, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8440, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Georgia Institute of Technology
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School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, 837 State St NW, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, 837 State St NW, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Ikerbasque · Donostia International Physics Center
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Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Wean Hall, Pittsburgh, USA
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Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary
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Institute of Space Science, Magurele, Romania
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University of Insubria · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca
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DiSAT, Università degli studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
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CNRS, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Astronomy Department, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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California Institute of Technology
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Theoretical Astrophysics Group, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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Lund Observatory, Lund, Sweden
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Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
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Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Theoretical Astrophysics, IAAT, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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American Museum of Natural History · Heidelberg University
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot
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The Graduate Center, CUNY · American Museum of Natural History · City University of New York · Flatiron Institute
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Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, USA
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Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Département d’Astronomie, Université de Geneve, Versoix, Switzerland
Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Princeton University · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca · University of Birmingham
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Radboud University Nijmegen · University of Cape Town · Inter-university Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy · South African Astronomical Observatory
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Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Heidelberg University · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Trottier Space Institute at McGill · McGill University
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Columbia University, New York, USA
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Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
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Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China
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Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, UK
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
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Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics · University of Birmingham
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Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching bei München, Germany
Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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California Institute of Technology · Carnegie Institution for Science · Carnegie Observatories
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Astrophysique Relativiste, Théories, Expériences, Métrologie, Instrumentation, Signaux · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
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Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Evanston, USA
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Australian Research Council · ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery · Monash University
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Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Chinese Academy of Sciences · National Astronomical Observatories
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National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Los Alamos National Laboratory · University of New Mexico
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Los Alamos National Lab, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca · University of Milano-Bicocca
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Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
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University of California, Berkeley
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Department of Astronomy and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
Department of Astronomy and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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Australian Research Council · ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery · Monash University · University of Birmingham
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Institute of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
OzGrav, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Clayton, Australia
Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
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University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padua, Italy
INFN–Padova, Padua, Italy
Physics and Astronomy Department Galileo Galilei, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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INFN–Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
Physics and Astronomy Department Galileo Galilei, University of Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padua, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers · Université Paris Diderot
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Département d’Astrophysique-AIM, CEA/DRF/IRFU, CNRS/INSU, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Université De Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Département d'Astrophysique-AIM, CEA/DRF/IRFU, CNRS/INSU, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Université De Paris, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Lucio Mayer corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Borough of Manhattan Community College · City University of New York
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Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, New York, USA
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University of Maryland, College Park
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Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-2421, USA
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Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA
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American Museum of Natural History · Missouri University of Science and Technology
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American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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Radboud University Nijmegen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands · KU Leuven
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Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, USA
Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
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Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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University of Copenhagen · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
-
Affiliation as printed
Imperial College, London, UK
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, MS-51 Cambridge, USA
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, MS-51 Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Heidelberg University · Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies
Affiliation as printed
Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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National University of Ireland, Maynooth
Affiliation as printed
Department of Theoretical Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
-
Affiliation as printed
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
University of New South Wales (Canberra), Sydney, Australia
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Sapienza University of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Rome, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Rome, Italy
Sapienza School for Advanced Studies, Rome, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
Sapienza School for Advanced Studies, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
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