Planck intermediate results

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 644, pp. A100

Abstract

The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than three decades, particularly with the Planck satellite. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant, detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales.

Authors 97

1. Y. Akrami Aachen Institute Lorentz

   Leiden University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Oslo · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · École Normale Supérieure - PSL

   Affiliation as printed

   Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France

   Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9506, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands

   Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

2. M. Ashdown

   University of Cambridge

   Affiliation as printed

   Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

   Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

3. J. Aumont

   Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

   Affiliation as printed

   Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

4. Carlo Baccigalupi

   Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati

   Affiliation as printed

   SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

5. M. Ballardini

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · University of the Western Cape · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa

   INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

6. Anthony J. Banday

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

   Affiliation as printed

   CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

   Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

7. R. Belén Barreiro

   Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

   Affiliation as printed

   Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

8. N. Bartolo

   University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

9. S. Basak

   Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India

10. K. Benabed

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

11. J.-P. Bernard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

12. Marco Bersanelli

    University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy

    INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy

13. P. Bielewicz

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · National Centre for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

14. J. Richard Bond

    University of Toronto · Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

15. Jullian Borrill

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · Space Sciences Laboratory · University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

    Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

16. François R. Bouchet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

17. C. Burigana

    University of Ferrara · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

18. J.-F. Cardoso

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

19. B. Casaponsa

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

20. H. C. Chiang

    Princeton University · University of KwaZulu-Natal

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa

    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

21. Céline Combet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France

22. D. Contreras

    Perimeter Institute · York University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada

    Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

23. Brendan P. Crill

    California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA

24. F. Cuttaia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

25. P. de Bernardis

    Sapienza University of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy

26. A. de Rosa

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

27. G. de Zotti

    Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy

28. J. Delabrouille

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

29. Eleonora Di Valentino

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

30. Jose Maria Diego

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

31. Olivier Doré

    California Institute of Technology · Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA

32. Marian Douspis

    Université Paris-Sud · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

33. X. Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

34. Torsten A. Enßlin

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

35. Hans Kristian Eriksen

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

36. R. Fernández-Cobos

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

37. Fabio Finelli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

38. M. Frailis

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

39. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

40. Samuele Galeotta

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

41. S. Galli

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

42. Ken M. Ganga

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

43. R. Génova-Santos

    Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

44. M. Gerbino

    Argonne National Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA

45. J. González-Nuevo

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, Spain

46. Krzysztof M. Gorski

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory · University of Warsaw

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA

    Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

47. ALESSANDRO GRUPPUSO

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

48. J. E. Gudmundsson

    Stockholm University · Princeton University · AlbaNova

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

49. Will J. Handley

    University of Cambridge

    Affiliation as printed

    Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

50. D. Herranz

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

51. Eric F. Hivon

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

52. Zhiqi Huang

    Sun Yat-sen University

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR China

53. A. H. Jaffe

    Imperial College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK

54. William C. Jones

    Princeton University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

55. Elina Keihänen

    University of Helsinki

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland

56. Reijo Keskitalo

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

57. K. Kiiveri

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2, Helsinki, Finland

58. J. Kim

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

59. T. S. Kisner

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

60. N. Krachmalnicoff

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati

    Affiliation as printed

    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

61. Martin Kunz

    Université Paris-Sud · University of Geneva · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · African Institute for Mathematical Sciences · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa

    Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

62. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2, Helsinki, Finland

63. J.‐M. Lamarre

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France

64. Massimiliano Lattanzi

    University of Ferrara · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

65. C. R. Lawrence

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA

66. M. Le Jeune

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France

67. F. Levrier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

    Affiliation as printed

    Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France

68. M. Liguori

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

69. Per Barth Lilje

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway

70. V. Lindholm

    University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland

    Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin Katu 2, Helsinki, Finland

71. M. López-Caniego

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

72. Juan Francisco Macias-Perez

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53, Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France

73. N. Mandolesi

    University of Ferrara · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

74. A. Marcos-Caballero

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

75. MICHELE MARIS

    Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy

76. Peter G. Martin

    University of Toronto · Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

77. Enrique Martínez-González

    Universidad de Cantabria · Instituto de Física de Cantabria

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain

78. S. Matarrese

    University of Padua · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Gran Sasso Science Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

    Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy

79. N. Mauri

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

80. J. D. McEwen

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

81. ANIELLO MENNELLA

    University of Milan · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy

    INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy

82. M. Migliaccio

    University of Rome Tor Vergata · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy

83. D. Molinari

    University of Ferrara · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

84. A. Moneti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France

    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 Bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France

85. L. Montier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

86. Gianluca Morgante

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

87. A. Moss

    University of Nottingham

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

88. P. Natoli

    University of Ferrara · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    Space Science Data Center – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy

89. L. Pagano

    Université Paris-Sud · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · University of Ferrara · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy

    Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

90. D. Paoletti

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy

    INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

91. Francesca Perrotta

    Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati

    Affiliation as printed

    SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy

92. V. Pettorino

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot

    Affiliation as printed

    AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

93. F. Piacentini

    Sapienza University of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy

94. Gianluca Polenta

    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Science Data Center – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy

95. Jörg Paul Rachen

    Radboud University Nijmegen

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

96. M. Reinecke

    Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

97. Mathieu Remazeilles

    University of Manchester

    Affiliation as printed

    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK