Exploratory Metabolomic Analysis Based on Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry to Study an In Vitro Model of Hypoxia-Induced Metabolic Alterations in HK-2 Cells
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 7399
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency in cells, tissues, and organs can not only prevent the proper development of biological functions but it can also lead to several diseases and disorders. In this sense, the kidney deserves special attention since hypoxia can be considered an important factor in the pathophysiology of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. To provide better knowledge to unveil the molecular mechanisms involved, new studies are necessary. In this sense, this work aims to study, for the first time, an in vitro model of hypoxia-induced metabolic alterations in human proximal tubular HK-2 cells because renal proximal tubules are particularly susceptible to hypoxia. Different groups of cells, cultivated under control and hypoxia conditions at 0.5, 5, 24, and 48 h, were investigated using untargeted metabolomic approaches based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both intracellular and extracellular fluids were studied to obtain a large metabolite coverage. On the other hand, multivariate and univariate analyses were carried out to find the differences among the cell groups and to select the most relevant variables. The molecular features identified as affected metabolites were mainly amino acids and Amadori compounds. Insights about their biological relevance are also provided.
Authors 8
-
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
-
Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
-
Jinan University · Universidad de Alcalá
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
-
Universidad de Alcalá · Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
“Ramón y Cajal” Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain
-
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
-
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
-
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
-
Marı́a Luisa Marina corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Madrid, Spain
Cited by 6 stored of 6
6 results
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-11).