TiEMPO: Open-source time-dependent end-To-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations

Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)

Abstract

The next technological breakthrough in millimeter–submillimeter astronomy is three-dimensional imaging spectrometry with wide instantaneous spectral bandwidths and wide fields of view. The total optimization of the focal-plane instrument, the telescope, the observing strategy, and the signal-processing software must enable efficient removal of foreground emission from the Earth’s atmosphere, which is time-dependent and highly nonlinear in frequency. Here, we present Time-dependent End-to-end Model for Post-process Optimization (TiEMPO) of the DEep Spectroscopic HIgh-redshift MApper (DESHIMA) spectrometer. TiEMPO utilizes a dynamical model of the atmosphere and parameterized models of the astronomical source, the telescope, the instrument, and the detector. The output of TiEMPO is a time stream of sky brightness temperature and detected power, which can be analyzed by standard signal-processing software. We first compare TiEMPO simulations with an on-sky measurement by the wideband DESHIMA spectrometer, and find good agreement in the noise and sensitivity. We then use TiEMPO to simulate the detection of the line emission spectrum of a high-redshift galaxy using the DESHIMA 2.0 spectrometer in development. The TiEMPO model is open source. Its modular and parametrized design enables users to adapt it to optimize the end-to-end performance of spectroscopic and photometric instruments on existing and future telescopes

Authors 16

1. Esmee Huijten

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

2. Yannick Roelvink

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

3. S. A. Brackenhoff

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

4. Akio Taniguchi

   Nagoya University

   Affiliation as printed

   Nagoya Univ. (Japan)

5. Tom J. L. C. Bakx

   Nagoya University

   Affiliation as printed

   Nagoya Univ. (Japan)

6. Kaushal B. Marthi

   University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. of Groningen (Netherlands)

7. Stan Zaalberg

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

8. J. J. A. Baselmans

   National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · The University of Tokyo

   Affiliation as printed

   National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan)

   The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

9. Kah Wuy Chin Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

   Space Research Organisation Netherlands

   Affiliation as printed

   SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

10. Robert Huiting Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Space Research Organisation Netherlands · Delft University of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

    Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

11. K. Karatsu Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Space Research Organisation Netherlands · Delft University of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

    Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

12. Alejandro Pascual Laguna

    Nagoya University

    Affiliation as printed

    Nagoya Univ. (Japan)

13. Yoichi Tamura

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

14. Tatsuya Takekoshi Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (Netherlands)

15. S. J. C. Yates

    Delft University of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands)

16. Akira Endo