The GRAVITY young stellar object survey

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 645, pp. A50

Abstract

Context. 51 Oph is a Herbig Ae/Be star that exhibits strong near-infrared CO ro-vibrational emission at 2.3 μm, most likely originating in the innermost regions of a circumstellar disc. Aims. We aim to obtain the physical and geometrical properties of the system by spatially resolving the circumstellar environment of the inner gaseous disc. Methods. We used the second-generation Very Large Telescope Interferometer instrument GRAVITY to spatially resolve the continuum and the CO overtone emission. We obtained data over 12 baselines with the auxiliary telescopes and derive visibilities, and the differential and closure phases as a function of wavelength. We used a simple local thermal equilibrium ring model of the CO emission to reproduce the spectrum and CO line displacements. Results. Our interferometric data show that the star is marginally resolved at our spatial resolution, with a radius of ~10.58 ± 2.65R⊙. The K-band continuum emission from the disc is inclined by 63° ± 1°, with a position angle of 116° ± 1°, and 4 ± 0.8 mas (0.5 ± 0.1 au) across. The visibilities increase within the CO line emission, indicating that the CO is emitted within the dust-sublimation radius. By modelling the CO bandhead spectrum, we derive that the CO is emitted from a hot (T = 1900–2800 K) and dense (NCO = (0.9–9) × 1021 cm−2) gas. The analysis of the CO line displacement with respect to the continuum allows us to infer that the CO is emitted from a region 0.10 ± 0.02 au across, well within the dust-sublimation radius. The inclination and position angle of the CO line emitting region is consistent with that of the dusty disc. Conclusions. Our spatially resolved interferometric observations confirm the CO ro-vibrational emission within the dust-free region of the inner disc. Conventional disc models exclude the presence of CO in the dust-depleted regions of Herbig AeBe stars. Ad hoc models of the innermost disc regions, that can compute the properties of the dust-free inner disc, are therefore required.

Authors 71

1. M. Koutoulaki

   University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · European Southern Observatory · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

   European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

   School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

2. R. García López

   University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

   School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

3. Antonella Natta

   Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

4. R. Fedriani

   University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Chalmers University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Gothenburg, Sweden

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

   School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

5. A. Caratti o Garatti

   University College Dublin · Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

   School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

6. T. P. Ray

   Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

7. Deirdre Coffey

   Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02, XF86 Dublin, Ireland

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

8. W. Brandner

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

9. Catherine Dougados

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

   Affiliation as printed

   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

10. Paulo J V Garcia

    Universidade do Porto · European Southern Observatory · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

    Affiliation as printed

    CENTRA, Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal

    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

    Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

11. L. Klarmann

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

12. Lucas Labadie

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

13. K. Perraut

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

14. J. Sánchez-Bermúdez

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70264, Ciudad de México 04510, México

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

15. C.-C. Lin

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

16. A. Amorim

    University of Lisbon · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

    Affiliation as printed

    CENTRA, Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal

    Universidade de Lisboa – Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

17. Michi Bauböck

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

18. M. Benisty

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · University of Chile · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomía (CNRS UMI 3386), Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 33, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

19. Jean-Philippe Berger

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

20. A. Buron

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

21. P. Caselli

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

22. Y. Clénet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

23. V. Coudé du Foresto

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

24. P. T. de Zeeuw Aachen Sterrewacht Leiden

    Leiden University · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Leiden Observatory

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

    Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

25. G. Duvert

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

26. W. J. de Wit

    European Southern Observatory

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    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

27. Andreas Eckart

    University of Cologne · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

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    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

    Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany

28. F. Eisenhauer

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

29. M. Filho

    Universidade do Porto · European Southern Observatory · Instituto Superior Técnico · Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação

    Affiliation as printed

    CENTRA, Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal

    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

    Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

30. Fangyou Gao

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

31. Eric Gendron

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

32. R. Genzel

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · University of California, Berkeley

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

33. S. Gillessen

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

34. Rebekka Grellmann

    University of Cologne

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

35. M. Habibi

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

36. X. Haubois

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

37. F. Haußmann

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

38. Thomas K. Henning

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

39. S. Hippler

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

40. Z. Hubert

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

41. M. Horrobin

    University of Cologne

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    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

42. Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

43. L. Jocou

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

44. P. Kervella

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

45. Johann Kolb

    European Southern Observatory

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    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

46. S. Lacour

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

47. J.-B. Le Bouquin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes

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    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France

48. Pierre J. Lena

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

49. Hendrik Linz

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

50. Thomas Ott

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

51. T. Paumard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

52. Guy S. Perrin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

53. O. Pfuhl

    European Southern Observatory

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    European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

54. M. C. Ramírez-Tannus

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

55. Christian Rau

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

56. Gérard Rousset

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

    Affiliation as printed

    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

57. Silvia Scheithauer

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

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    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

58. J. Shangguan

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

59. J. Stadler

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

60. O. Straub

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

61. C. Straubmeier

    University of Cologne

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    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

62. E. Sturm

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

63. Ewine F. van Dishoeck Aachen Sterrewacht Leiden

    Leiden University · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

    Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

64. Frederic H. Vincent

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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    LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France

65. S. D. von Fellenberg

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

66. F. Widmann

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

67. E. Wieprecht

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

68. Michael Wiest

    University of Cologne

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    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

69. E. Wiezorrek

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

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    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

70. Ş. Yazıcı

    University of Cologne · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching bei München, Germany

71. G. Zins

    European Southern Observatory

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    European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile