Triple-GEM discharge probability studies at CHARM: simulations and experimental results

Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 15, pp. P10013

Abstract

The CMS muon system in the region with 2.03<|η|<2.82 is characterized by a very harsh radiation environment which can generate hit rates up to 144 kHz/cm 2 and an integrated charge of 8 C/cm 2 over ten years of operation. In order to increase the detector performance and acceptance for physics events including muons, a new muon station (ME0) has been proposed for installation in that region. The technology proposed is Triple—Gas Electron Multiplier (Triple-GEM), which has already been qualified for the operation in the CMS muon system. However, an additional set of studies focused on the discharge probability is necessary for the ME0 station, because of the large radiation environment mentioned above. A test was carried out in 2017 at the Cern High energy AcceleRator Mixed (CHARM) facility, with the aim of giving an estimation of the discharge probability of Triple-GEM detectors in a very intense radiation field environment, similar to the one of the CMS muon system. A dedicated standalone Geant4 simulation was performed simultaneously, to evaluate the behavior expected in the detector exposed to the CHARM field. The geometry of the detector has been carefully reproduced, as well as the background field present in the facility. This paper presents the results obtained from the Geant4 simulation, in terms of sensitivity of the detector to the CHARM environment, together with the analysis of the energy deposited in the gaps and of the processes developed inside the detector. The discharge probability test performed at CHARM will be presented, with a complete discussion of the results obtained, which turn out to be consistent with measurements performed by other groups.

Authors 94

1. M. Abbas

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

2. M. Abbrescia

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

   Affiliation as printed

   Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

3. H. Abdalla

   Cairo University · Academy of Scientific Research and Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Academy of Scientific Research and Technology—ENHEP, Cairo, Egypt

   Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

4. A. A. Abdelalim corresponding

   Academy of Scientific Research and Technology · Helwan University

   Affiliation as printed

   Academy of Scientific Research and Technology—ENHEP, Cairo, Egypt

   Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

5. S. AbuZeid

   Ain Shams University · Academy of Scientific Research and Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Academy of Scientific Research and Technology—ENHEP, Cairo, Egypt

   Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

6. A. Agapitos corresponding

   Peking University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peking University, Beijing, China

7. Ashfaq Ahmad corresponding

   Abdus Salam Centre for Physics

   Affiliation as printed

   National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan

8. A. Ahmed corresponding

   University of Delhi

   Affiliation as printed

   Delhi University, Delhi, India

9. C. Aimè

   University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

   Affiliation as printed

   Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

10. Paul Aspell

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

11. C. Ávila

    Universidad de Los Andes

    Affiliation as printed

    University de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia

12. J. Babbar

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

13. Y. Ban

    Peking University

    Affiliation as printed

    Peking University, Beijing, China

14. Reyer Band

    University of California, Davis

    Affiliation as printed

    University of California, Davis, Davis, U.S.A

15. S. Bansal

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

16. L. Benussi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN, Frascati, Italy

17. V. Bhatnagar

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

18. M. Bianco

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

19. S. Bianco

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN, Frascati, Italy

20. K. Black

    University of Wisconsin–Madison

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A

21. L. Borgonovi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Bologna and INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

22. O. Bouhali

    Texas A&M University at Qatar

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar

23. A. Braghieri corresponding

    University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

24. S. Braibant

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Bologna and INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

25. S. Butalla

    Florida Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, U.S.A

26. S. Calzaferri

    University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

27. M. Caponero

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN, Frascati, Italy

28. F. Cassese

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Napoli and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

29. N. Cavallo

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Napoli and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

30. S.S. Chauhan

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

31. S. Colafranceschi

    Florida Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, U.S.A

32. Anna Colaleo corresponding

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

33. A. Conde Garcia corresponding

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

34. M. Dalchenko

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

35. Agostino De Iorio corresponding

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Napoli and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

36. G. De Lentdecker

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

37. D. Dell Olio

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

38. G. De Robertis

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

39. W. G. D. Dharmaratna

    University of Ruhuna

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka

40. S. Dildick

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

41. B. Dorney

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

42. R. Erbacher

    University of California, Davis

    Affiliation as printed

    University of California, Davis, Davis, U.S.A

43. F. Fabozzi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Napoli and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

44. F. Fallavollita

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

45. A. Ferraro corresponding

    University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

46. D. Fiorina

    University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

47. E. Fontanesi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Bologna and INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

48. C. Galloni

    University of Wisconsin–Madison

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A

49. P. Giacomelli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Bologna and INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

50. S. Gigli

    University of Pavia · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Pavia and INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

51. J. Gilmore

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

52. M. Gola

    University of Delhi

    Affiliation as printed

    Delhi University, Delhi, India

53. Marek Michal Gruchala

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

54. A. Gutiérrez corresponding

    Wayne State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Wayne State University, Detroit, U.S.A

55. Roumyana Mileva HADJIISKA

    Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

56. T. Hakkarainen

    Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland

57. J. Hauser

    University of California, Los Angeles

    Affiliation as printed

    University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A

58. K. Höepfner Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut A

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

59. M. Hohlmann

    Florida Institute of Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, U.S.A

60. H. R. Hoorani

    Abdus Salam Centre for Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan

61. Tao Huang

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

62. P. Iaydjiev

    Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

63. A. Irshad corresponding

    Université Libre de Bruxelles

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

64. J. Jaramillo

    Universidad de Antioquia

    Affiliation as printed

    Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia

65. V. Jha

    Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

66. Andrius Juodagalvis corresponding

    Vilnius University

    Affiliation as printed

    Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

67. E. Juska

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

68. B. Kailasapathy

    University of Colombo

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

69. T. Kamon

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

70. Paul Edmund Karchin

    Wayne State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Wayne State University, Detroit, U.S.A

71. Amandeep Kaur corresponding

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

72. H. Kaur

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

73. Henning Keller Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut A

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany

74. Hye Jin Kim

    Texas A&M University

    Affiliation as printed

    Texas A&M University, College Station, U.S.A

75. J. S. Kim

    Seoul National University

    Affiliation as printed

    Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

76. Arun Kumar corresponding

    University of Delhi

    Affiliation as printed

    Delhi University, Delhi, India

77. S. Kumar

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

78. H. Kumawat

    Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

79. N. Lacalamita

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

80. J. S. H. Lee

    University of Seoul

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

81. Andrew Michael Levin corresponding

    Peking University

    Affiliation as printed

    Peking University, Beijing, China

82. Qiang Li

    Peking University

    Affiliation as printed

    Peking University, Beijing, China

83. F. Licciulli

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

84. L. Lista

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

    Affiliation as printed

    Università di Napoli and INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

85. Kalpanie Liyanage

    University of Ruhuna

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka

86. F. Loddo

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

87. M. Lohan

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

88. M. Luhach

    Panjab University

    Affiliation as printed

    Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

89. M. Maggi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

90. Nayana Majumdar

    Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

91. Kithsiri Malagalage

    University of Colombo

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

92. S. Martiradonna

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari · Polytechnic University of Bari

    Affiliation as printed

    Politecnico di Bari, Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

93. N. Mccoll

    University of California, Los Angeles

    Affiliation as printed

    University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A

94. C. McLean

    University of California, Davis

    Affiliation as printed

    University of California, Davis, Davis, U.S.A