The LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey: Deep Fields Data Release 1
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 648, pp. A3
Abstract
We present the source associations, cross-identifications, and multi-wavelength properties of the faint radio source population detected in the deep tier of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS): the LoTSS Deep Fields. The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150 MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Boötes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32 μ Jy beam −1 , respectively. These fields are some of the best studied extra-galactic fields in the northern sky, with existing deep, wide-area panchromatic photometry from X-ray to infrared wavelengths, covering a total of ≈26 deg 2 . We first generated improved multi-wavelength catalogues in ELAIS-N1 and Lockman Hole; combined with the existing catalogue for Boötes, we present forced, matched aperture photometry for over 7.2 million sources across the three fields. We identified multi-wavelength counterparts to the radio detected sources, using a combination of the Likelihood Ratio method and visual classification, which greatly enhances the scientific potential of radio surveys and allows for the characterisation of the photometric redshifts and the physical properties of the host galaxies. The final radio-optical cross-matched catalogue consists of 81 951 radio-detected sources, with counterparts identified and multi-wavelength properties presented for 79 820 (>97%) sources. We also examine the properties of the host galaxies, and through stacking analysis find that the radio population with no identified counterpart is likely dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z ~ 3−4. This dataset contains one of the largest samples of radio-selected star-forming galaxies and AGN at these depths, making it ideal for studying the history of star-formation, and the evolution of galaxies and AGN across cosmic time.
Authors 42
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Affiliation as printed
SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Affiliation as printed
SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
Italian ALMA Regional Centre, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Leiden University · Royal Observatory · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, England, UK
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
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ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Rhodes University · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation · Université Paris Diderot
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Universite Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30–244 Kraków, Poland
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30–244 Kraków, Poland
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University of Oxford · University of the Western Cape
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Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Nicolaus Copernicus University
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, NCU, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Hamburger Sternwarte, University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Leiden University · University of Manchester · Leiden Observatory
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Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
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CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 1130, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Nicolaus Copernicus University
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, NCU, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30–244 Kraków, Poland
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physical Sciences and Centre for Astrophysics & Relativity, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 W6Y4, Ireland
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Max-Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
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Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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