Sequence‐Defined Heteromultivalent Precision Glycomacromolecules Bearing Sulfonated/Sulfated Nonglycosidic Moieties Preferentially Bind Galectin‐3 and Delay Wound Healing of a Galectin‐3 Positive Tumor Cell Line in an In Vitro Wound Scratch Assay
Macromolecular Bioscience, vol. 20, pp. e2000163
Abstract
Within this work, a new class of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules bearing lactose residues and nonglycosidic motifs for probing glycoconjugate recognition in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-3 is presented. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are known to play crucial roles in different signaling pathways involved in tumor biology. Thus, research has focused on the design and synthesis of galectin-targeting ligands for use as diagnostic markers or potential therapeutics. Heteromultivalent precision glycomacromolecules have the potential to serve as ligands for galectins. In this work, multivalency and the introduction of nonglycosidic motifs bearing either neutral, amine, or sulfonated/sulfated groups are used to better understand binding in the galectin-3 CRD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and surface plasmon resonance studies are performed, revealing a positive impact of the sulfonated/sulfated nonglycosidic motifs on galectin-3 binding but not on galectin-1 binding. Selected compounds are then tested with galectin-3 positive MCF 7 breast cancer cells using an in vitro would scratch assay. Preliminary results demonstrate a differential biological effect on MCF 7 cells with high galectin-3 expression in comparison to an HEK 293 control with low galectin-3 expression, indicating the potential for sulfonated/sulfated heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules to serve as preferential ligands for galectin-3 targeting.
Authors 8
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Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz‐Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstr. 20 Aachen 52074 Germany
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen, 52074 Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz‐Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstr. 20 Aachen 52074 Germany
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen, 52074 Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry Davidson College Box 7120 Davidson NC 28035 USA
Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Box 7120, Davidson, NC, 28035 USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Biology Davidson College Box 7188 Davidson NC 28035 USA
Department of Biology, Davidson College, Box 7188, Davidson, NC, 28035 USA
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz‐Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstr. 20 Aachen 52074 Germany
Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen, 52074 Germany
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Nicole L. Snyder corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry Davidson College Box 7120 Davidson NC 28035 USA
Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Box 7120, Davidson, NC, 28035 USA
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Laura Hartmann corresponding
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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