Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease
Nature Genetics, vol. 52, pp. 482–493
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have discovered hundreds of loci associated with complex brain disorders, but it remains unclear in which cell types these loci are active. Here we integrate genome-wide association study results with single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire mouse nervous system to systematically identify cell types underlying brain complex traits. We show that psychiatric disorders are predominantly associated with projecting excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Neurological diseases were associated with different cell types, which is consistent with other lines of evidence. Notably, Parkinson's disease was genetically associated not only with cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons (which include dopaminergic neurons) but also with enteric neurons and oligodendrocytes. Using post-mortem brain transcriptomic data, we confirmed alterations in these cells, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. Our study provides an important framework for understanding the cellular basis of complex brain maladies, and reveals an unexpected role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease.
Authors 96
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
-
Karolinska Institutet · UK Dementia Research Institute · UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology · University College London · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
-
University of Copenhagen · Sankt Hans Hospital · Copenhagen University Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Danish Headache Center, Dept of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital MHC Sct Hans, Roskilde, Denmark
Novo Nordic Foundations Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · The University of Western Australia · Curtin University · UK Dementia Research Institute · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
-
Utrecht University · University Medical Center Utrecht · UK Dementia Research Institute · Altrecht GGZ · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, the Netherlands
-
Utrecht University · Karolinska Institutet · University Medical Center Utrecht · Altrecht GGZ · University of Gothenburg
Affiliation as printed
Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, the Netherlands
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
-
Karolinska Institutet · National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry · National Institute of Mental Health
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
-
Oslo University Hospital · University of Oslo · National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry · National Institute of Mental Health
Affiliation as printed
Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Oslo University Hospital · University of Oslo
Affiliation as printed
NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Oregon Research Institute · BioRealm (United States)
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
-
Oregon Research Institute · BioRealm (United States) · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
-
Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
-
Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
-
Technische Universität Dresden · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
-
Inserm · Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience · Technische Universität Dresden
Affiliation as printed
Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
-
Inserm · Wellcome Sanger Institute · Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience · University of Split
Affiliation as printed
INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
-
Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital · Wellcome Sanger Institute · University of Split
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
-
National Health Service · King's College London · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Affiliation as printed
The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
-
National Health Service · King's College London · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · Karolinska Institutet · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Karolinska Institutet
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Klinikum Frankfurt/Oder, Frankfurt, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Klinikum Frankfurt/Oder, Frankfurt, Germany
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
-
University of Padua · University of Basel · University Hospital of Basel
Affiliation as printed
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
-
University of Padua · University of Basel · University Hospital of Basel
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
-
National Health Service · University of Padua · King's College London · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Affiliation as printed
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
-
National Health Service · King's College London · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · University of Michigan · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
-
Université de Montpellier · University of Michigan · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
Affiliation as printed
Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
-
Université de Montpellier · Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
Affiliation as printed
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
-
University of Minnesota · Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital
Affiliation as printed
The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · University of Minnesota
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Karolinska Institutet · Altrecht GGZ
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, the Netherlands
-
University of Bristol · Altrecht GGZ · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, the Netherlands
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
-
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover · University of Bristol · MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit
Affiliation as printed
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
-
Harokopio University of Athens · Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
-
University of Padua · Harokopio University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
-
University of Padua · Seattle University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA
-
Virginia Commonwealth University · Seattle University
Affiliation as printed
College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
-
Virginia Commonwealth University · National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
-
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes · Institut du Thorax
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece
L'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
-
Poznan University of Medical Sciences · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes · Institut du Thorax · Nantes Université
Affiliation as printed
L’institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
L’institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
-
Poznan University of Medical Sciences · Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Stanford Medicine · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
-
University of Würzburg · Universitätsklinikum Würzburg · Stanford Medicine · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Centre for Mental Health, Würzburg, Germany
-
University of Würzburg · Universitätsklinikum Würzburg · Technische Universität Dresden
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Centre for Mental Health, Würzburg, Germany
Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública · Technische Universität Dresden
Affiliation as printed
Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
-
Broad Institute · Harvard University · Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública · University of Tartu · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
-
Broad Institute · Harvard University · Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública · University of Tartu · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra · King's College London · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centre for Genomic Regulation · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Affiliation as printed
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
-
University of Padua · King's College London
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
-
University of Padua · Bellvitge University Hospital · Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain
-
Bellvitge University Hospital · Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · Universitat de Barcelona · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU), Munich, Germany
-
Schön Klinik Roseneck · University of Tartu · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU), Munich, Germany
Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
-
Essen University Hospital · University of Tartu · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
-
Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute · Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
-
University of Basel · University Hospital of Basel · Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
-
University of Bonn · University of Padua · University of Basel · University Hospital Bonn · University Hospital of Basel · Life & Brain (Germany)
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
-
University of Padua · Wellcome Sanger Institute
Affiliation as printed
Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
-
National Health Service · University of Toronto · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Affiliation as printed
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
-
National Health Service · King's College London · South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust · National Institute for Health and Care Research · NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre · Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
-
Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen · Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
-
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Eginition Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
-
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · Eginition Hospital
Affiliation as printed
1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
-
Inserm · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience
Affiliation as printed
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
-
Inserm · Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública · Université Paris Descartes
Affiliation as printed
CMME (Groupe Hospitalier Sainte-Anne), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
-
Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Aarhus University · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Affiliation as printed
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
-
Université de Montpellier · Aarhus University · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier · Lundbeck Foundation
Affiliation as printed
Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
-
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · Université de Montpellier · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
Affiliation as printed
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
-
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Affiliation as printed
Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
-
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · Weill Cornell Medicine · University of Pennsylvania
Affiliation as printed
Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
-
Guy's Hospital · King's College London · Weill Cornell Medicine
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
-
Guy's Hospital · King's College London · Wellcome Sanger Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
-
Poznan University of Medical Sciences · Wellcome Sanger Institute
Affiliation as printed
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
-
Poznan University of Medical Sciences · Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
-
King's College London · Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
-
The University of Queensland · King's College London · Institute for Molecular Bioscience
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
Zorg op Orde, Leidschendam, the Netherlands
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
-
The University of Queensland · University of Basel · University Hospital of Basel · Institute for Molecular Bioscience
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
-
University of Basel · University Hospital of Basel · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
-
Heidelberg University · University Hospital Heidelberg · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
-
Heidelberg University · University Hospital Heidelberg · Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen
Affiliation as printed
Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
-
Essen University Hospital · University of Duisburg-Essen · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
-
King's College London · Karolinska Institutet · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
-
King's College London · Wellcome Sanger Institute · Karolinska Institutet
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
-
Harvard University · McLean Hospital · Wellcome Sanger Institute · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
-
Harvard University · McLean Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Eating Disorders Unit, Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Eating Disorders Unit, Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
-
Tokai University · Palacký University Olomouc
Affiliation as printed
Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
-
Bellvitge University Hospital · Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · Palacký University Olomouc · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain
-
Bellvitge University Hospital · Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · Universitat de Barcelona
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain
Eating Recovery Center, Denver, CO, USA
-
Canterbury District Health Board · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Eating Recovery Center, Denver, CO, USA
Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
-
Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca · Canterbury District Health Board · University of Otago
Affiliation as printed
Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
-
Karolinska Institutet · Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca
Affiliation as printed
Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
-
King's College London · Karolinska Institutet
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
-
King's College London · Charles University
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
-
University of Toronto · Charles University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
-
University of Helsinki · University of Toronto · Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland · HiLIFE – Elämäntieteiden Instituutti
Affiliation as printed
Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Cited by 389 stored of 401
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-06).