Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 10

Abstract

Abstract For sodium (Na)‐rechargeable batteries to compete, and go beyond the currently prevailing Li‐ion technologies, mastering the chemistry and accompanying phenomena is of supreme importance. Among the crucial components of the battery system, the electrolyte, which bridges the highly polarized positive and negative electrode materials, is arguably the most critical and indispensable of all. The electrolyte dictates the interfacial chemistry of the battery and the overall performance, having an influence over the practical capacity, rate capability (power), chemical/thermal stress (safety), and lifetime. In‐depth knowledge of electrolyte properties provides invaluable information to improve the design, assembly, and operation of the battery. Thus, the full‐scale appraisal of both tailored electrolytes and the concomitant interphases generated at the electrodes need to be prioritized. The deployment of large‐format Na‐based rechargeable batteries also necessitates systematic evaluation and detailed appraisal of the safety‐related hazards of Na‐based batteries. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive account of the progress, status, and prospect of various Na + ‐ion electrolytes, including solvents, salts and additives, their interphases and potential hazards.

Authors 7

1. Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu Aachen Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA)

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Helmholtz-Institute Ulm · CIC energiGUNE · Mekelle University · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   CIC Energigune Parque Tecnológico de Álava Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01510 Spain

   Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences Mekelle University P.O. Box‐231 Mekelle 07000 Ethiopia

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Helmholtzstrasse 11 Ulm 89081 Germany

   Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA) RWTH Aachen University Jägerstraße 17/19 Aachen 52066 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe 76021 Germany

   Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, 07000 Ethiopia

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm, 89081 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021 Germany

2. Giuseppe Antonio Elia

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Helmholtz-Institute Ulm

   Affiliation as printed

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Helmholtzstrasse 11 Ulm 89081 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe 76021 Germany

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm, 89081 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021 Germany

3. Michel B. Armand

   CIC energiGUNE

   Affiliation as printed

   CIC Energigune Parque Tecnológico de Álava Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01510 Spain

4. Maria Forsyth

   Deakin University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria 03217 Australia

   Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 03217 Australia

5. Shinichi Komaba

   Tokyo University of Science

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science 1‐3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku Tokyo 162‐8061 Japan

   Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8061 Japan

6. Teófilo Rojo

   University of the Basque Country · CIC energiGUNE

   Affiliation as printed

   CIC Energigune Parque Tecnológico de Álava Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01510 Spain

   Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) P.O. Box. 644 Bilbao 48080 Spain

   Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box. 644, Bilbao, 48080 Spain

7. Stefano Passerini corresponding

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Helmholtz-Institute Ulm

   Affiliation as printed

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Helmholtzstrasse 11 Ulm 89081 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe 76021 Germany

   Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm, 89081 Germany

   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021 Germany