Euclid Data Release 1 (DR1). The PHZ processing function for the physical properties of galaxies
Abstract
Euclid is a European Space Agency mission mapping the extragalactic sky, aiming to provide the most-accurate 3D view of the Universe at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, by measuring the photometric redshifts of billions of galaxies. Within the Euclid Consortium, this task is executed by the PHZ Organisation Unit. PHZ takes as input the multi-wavelength photometry of Euclid and ground-based data, and returns as output the source classification, photometric redshifts for the Euclid core science (i.e., cosmology), and photometric redshifts plus physical parameters and absolute magnitudes for non-cosmological science. As part of the first Euclid Data Release (DR1), we describe the details of the DR1 pipeline for non-cosmological science, along with the released data products, and their validation. The non-cosmological science data products are obtained with NNPZ, a nearest-neighbour algorithm developed within PHZ that infers the properties of each target galaxy from its closest matches, in colour-magnitude space, within a reference sample of galaxies with known redshifts and physical parameters. We built this reference sample from Euclid observations of COSMOS, one of the Euclid Auxiliary Fields, labelling each galaxy with redshifts and physical parameters derived from the COSMOS2020 multi-wavelength photometry, consistently with the Euclid core-science results. Combined with the adjustments and priors required to generalise the results across the entire extragalactic sky, this approach yields high-quality and internally consistent data products. We tested the performance using both internal metrics and comparisons to ancillary data sets (e.g., COSMOS2020, 3D-HST, and DESI) and scaling relations (e.g., the star-forming main sequence); the results are in line with expectations and pre-DR1 simulations for both the Euclid Wide Survey and Euclid Deep Fields.
Authors 100
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d'Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille · Centrale Lille Institut
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, 59000 Lille, France
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Brera Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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University of Groningen · ATG Europe (Netherlands)
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Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
ATG Europe BV, Huygensstraat 34, 2201 DK Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II
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Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Port d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra
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Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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Institute of Space Sciences
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
INFN -- Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrof\'ısica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
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European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos
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Institut de Ciències del Cosmos
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
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Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
Institute of Space Sciences
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 Munich, Germany
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · National Research Council Canada
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National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre, 5071 W. Saanich Rd. Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7, Canada
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Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
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Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
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Technical University of Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Cosmic Dawn Center
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrof\'ısica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014, Paris, France
Université Paris-Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{ä}llstr{ö}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes
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Laboratoire d'etude de l'Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{ä}llstr{ö}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation as printed
SKAO, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, UK
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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University of Milan · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy