OTTER - Two Transistor - One RRAM Architecture for Reliable In-Memory-Computing in 28 nm CMOS Technology

arXiv (Cornell University)

Abstract

This work presents OTTER, a 28 nm CMOS platform co-integrated with TaOx-based valence-change mechanism (VCM) RRAM, demonstrating a two-transistor-one-memristive-device (2T1R) architecture for reliable in-memory computing. The 2T1R cell combines a low-drive-current (LD) transistor and a high-drive-current (HD) transistor in parallel, providing dedicated bias paths for SET programming and RESET operation, respectively. Through systematic experimental and simulated comparison of various transistor-pairing configurations using the physical compact model JART VCM Rth, design guidelines for transistor sizing are derived, establishing the minimum RESET transistor W/L required for complete RESET as a function of the SET current compliance. The 2T1R cell is further characterized under pulse-based programming, demonstrating multilevel analog conductance tuning with narrow, well separated conductance states across six programmable levels. An analog content-addressable memory (aCAM) design based on the same 2T1R cell is additionally analyzed at the circuit level, evaluating trade-offs between top- and bottom-connected RRAM comparator configurations. A hardware implementation of compute-in-memory (CIM) multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations is further demonstrated on a 15 x 15 2T1R crossbar array.

Authors 23

1. Yang Chen Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

2. Daniele Storelli

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

3. Xinyi Zhao Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

4. Ankit Bende Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

5. Paul-Philipp Manea Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Neuromorphic Compute Nodes" (PGI-14) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

6. Oliver Artner Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

7. Arun Ashok

   Forschungszentrum Jülich

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

8. Kay Winterberg

   Forschungszentrum Jülich

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

9. Godwin Paul Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

   Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

   RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

10. Siyuan Jia Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

11. Christian Roth

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

12. Sabitha Kusuma

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

13. M. Schiek

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Neuromorphic Compute Nodes" (PGI-14) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

14. Vikas Rana

    Forschungszentrum Jülich · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

    Affiliation as printed

    JARA Institute Energy-efficient information technology (PGI -10) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

15. Dirk J. Wouters Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

16. Stephan Menzel

    Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

17. André Zambanini

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

18. Christian Grewing

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

19. Stefan Wiefels

    Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

20. Susanne Hoffmann‐Eifert

    Forschungszentrum Jülich · Ernst Ruska Centre · Jülich Aachen Research Alliance

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Electronic Materials" ( PGI-7) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and JARA-FIT , Jülich , Germany

21. John Paul Strachan Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

    Forschungszentrum Jülich · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Neuromorphic Compute Nodes" (PGI-14) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

    RWTH Aachen University , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , 52062 Aachen , Germany

22. Stefan van Waasen

    Forschungszentrum Jülich

    Affiliation as printed

    Peter Grünberg Institute "Integrated Computing Architectures" (PGI-4) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany

23. Regina Dittmann