Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Exploring the detailed visual morphology of galaxies in clusters
Abstract
Galaxy clusters provide unique laboratories for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. The morphology--density ($T$--$Σ$) and morphology--cluster-centric radius ($T$--$R$) relations trace how galaxy morphology is influenced by the environment, but previous studies at intermediate redshifts have been limited in both sample size and radial coverage. We use the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) visual morphology catalogue to measure the $T$--$Σ$ and $T$--$R$ relations for smooth, featured-or-disc, and barred galaxies in known clusters at $0.2\leq z\leq 0.5$, extending this analysis to large cluster-centric distances ($3 R_{500c}$) and studying their dependence on stellar mass. Using photometric redshifts and stellar masses provided by Euclid, we identify 1754 cluster members within $1.5 R_{500c}$, distributed across 71 clusters. We classify the identified galaxies as smooth, featured-or-disc, or barred using the predicted vote fractions provided by the Zoobot deep learning foundation model in the Q1 visual morphology catalogue. We confirm the $T$--$Σ$ relation in all the stellar mass ranges studied, with a stronger influence of the cluster environment on galaxy morphology in the densest parts of the cluster and closer to the cluster centre. Beyond $1.5 R_{500c}$, the morphological segregation weakens, with featured-or-disc galaxies overtaking smooth galaxies at the lowest densities, consistent with the growing contribution of field interlopers in the cluster outskirts. For barred galaxies, we find a tentative decline of the bar fraction toward lower densities that is most pronounced for the most massive galaxies. In conclusion, our results show that the cluster environment drives a progressive transformation of galaxy morphology, with the loss of disc structure becoming more pronounced towards the cluster core, where environmental processes act most efficiently.
Authors 100
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Centro de Astrobiología
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre
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European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Universiteit Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86 N3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · University of Milano-Bicocca
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Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Dunlap Institute for Astronomy \& Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
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Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille · Centrale Lille Institut
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Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France
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European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre
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European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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Instituto de Física de Cantabria
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Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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School of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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University of Toronto · University of Manchester
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II
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European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrof\'ısica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 Munich, Germany
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · National Research Council Canada
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
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Technical University of Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Cosmic Dawn Center
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrof\'ısica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014, Paris, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Laboratoire d'etude de l'Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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University of Helsinki · Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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