Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 714, pp. A210
Abstract
We present and investigate the properties of a sample of radio-selected, Euclid -dark galaxies, identified from LOFAR HBA observations at 144 MHz within the Euclid Deep Field-North (EDF-N), covering approximately 10 deg 2 . Starting from 1051 radio sources lacking optical counterparts down to a 5σ depth of 23.9 in the y band in previous surveys (but detected with Spitzer /IRAC), we identified 166 galaxies with no emission at a depth of more than 3σ from Euclid Quick Release 1 (Q1) images, reaching a 5σ depth of 23.9 in the H E band, and no matches in the Euclid Q1 catalogue. To minimise contamination from nearby sources, we selected a sub-sample of 88 isolated galaxies. By exploiting multi-band images and catalogues available for the EDF-N, we inferred the physical properties of our sample via SED fitting. The resulting redshift distribution spans 0.4 ≤ z ph ≤ 5.0. We made use of recent sub-arcsecond imaging from the International LOFAR Telescope over an area of 2.5 deg × 2.5 deg to constrain the nature of the compact radio emission in our targets through brightness-temperature estimates. By combining this information with the radio excess relative to the infrared/radio-correlation (IRRC), we searched for possible active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in our sample. Approximately 30% of our sources show a radio excess relative to star formation. This fraction increases to 40% when including AGNs identified via their brightness temperature. The Euclid -dark sources detected in the far-infrared (FIR) are consistent with a population of heavily obscured (⟨ A V ISM ⟩ = 5.0) massive (⟨log 10 ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ )⟩ = 11.6) star forming galaxies (SFGs) with high star formation rates (⟨log 10 (SFR/ M ⊙ yr −1 )⟩ = 3.3). Their location above the star-forming main sequence is consistent with the high-mass and high-SFR end of similar near-infrared (NIR)-dark galaxy populations selected at higher radio frequencies reported in the literature. We performed a UV-to-radio median stacking analysis, dividing the sources with LOFAR ILT imaging according to the presence of radio excess. Both sub-samples are detected in the H E band at 3σ and 9σ for the radio-excess and non–radio-excess sources, respectively. The two stacked populations exhibit similar global physical properties and differ primarily in their radio emission, with values consistent with those observed for individual sources, albeit with less extreme SFRs. These preliminary results indicate that, compared to similar selections carried out over smaller fields, the wide area covered by Euclid enables the identification of a higher fraction of systems in which intense star formation and AGN activity coexist, likely capturing a key phase of galaxy–black hole co-evolution.
Authors 99
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay · Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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University of Padua · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia
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University of Groningen · Space Research Organisation Netherlands
Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
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European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre
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European Space Agency/ESTEC
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
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IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN – Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
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INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
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European Southern Observatory · Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto · European Southern Observatory
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European Southern Observatory
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino
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INFN – Sezione di Torino
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Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre
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European Space Agency/ESTEC
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – IASF Milano
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB
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Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) · RWTH Aachen University
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Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR), Linder Höhe
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN Section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo
European Space Agency/ESRIN
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
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Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Lyon College
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UCB Lyon 1 CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
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Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
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INFN – Padova
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Aix-Marseille Université
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Bologna
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School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – IASF Milano
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Department of Physics, Oxford University
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN – Sezione di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
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National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
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Caltech/IPAC
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Technical University of Denmark
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Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
Technical University of Denmark
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London
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Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Aix-Marseille Université
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics
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Department of Physics
Helsinki Institute of Physics