August 11, 2026 article Open access Artificial Externality: A Three-Layer Model of Reality from Substrate to Smart Contract Philosophy & Technology DOI: 10.1007/s13347-026-01158-6 Full text (OA) OpenAlex Authors 0 Author list not loaded yet. Cited by 0 stored of 2 References 1 Search Sort Most cited Newest Oldest Patent citations Title Any typearticle review book-chapter conference-paper preprint dissertation book dataset other Any fieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences Arts and Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Business, Management and Accounting Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Decision Sciences Dentistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology and Microbiology Materials Science Mathematics Medicine Neuroscience Nursing Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Physics and Astronomy Psychology Social Sciences Veterinary Open access On Bitcoin: A Study in Applied Metaphysics 2023 The Philosophical Quarterly article Arts and Humanities Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics Open access 7 citations 1 result